{"id":34736,"date":"2026-03-02T10:11:26","date_gmt":"2026-03-02T04:41:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/microtexindia.com\/%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c%da%a9%d9%b9%d8%b1%d9%88-%da%a9%db%8c%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%b9%d8%b1%db%8c\/"},"modified":"2022-01-10T05:40:19","modified_gmt":"2022-01-10T00:10:19","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c%da%a9%d9%b9%d8%b1%d9%88-%da%a9%db%8c%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%b9%d8%b1%db%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/ur\/%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c%da%a9%d9%b9%d8%b1%d9%88-%da%a9%db%8c%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%b9%d8%b1%db%8c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"34736\" class=\"elementor elementor-34736 elementor-5232\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7bd77fc7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7bd77fc7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-25337a15\" data-id=\"25337a15\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52cbbb32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"52cbbb32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-201a4247 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"201a4247\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u06c1 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u0688\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0632 (\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f) \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0626\u0646\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u0688\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0632 (\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0679) \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633 \u067e\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u0646\u0645\u0679\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631 (\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc) \u0628\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba) \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0679\u0627 \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0679\u06a9 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd93fcb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bd93fcb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 (\u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0632)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f8e37c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f8e37c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0688\u06cc\u0634\u0646-\u0631\u06cc\u0688\u06a9\u0634\u0646 \u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0632 (\u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0634\u0646\u0632) \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0679\u06a9 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0679\u06a9 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06ba \u0648\u06c1 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u062f\u06be\u0627\u062a\u0648\u06ba \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u0686\u0627\u0631\u062c \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 Galvanic \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0679\u06a9 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0679 \u067e\u06c1\u0646\u0686\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0679 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u067e\u0691\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ec11c0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ec11c0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0622\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0688\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06be\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u06a9\u0648 \u06c1\u0679\u0627\u0646\u0627 (\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u06d2 \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0688\u0633 \u0633\u06d2) \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06a9\u0679 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 (\u06a9\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u0648\u0688) \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0626\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0686\u0644\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0679 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0626\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0633\u06cc\u0644. \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0688\u0633\u0686\u0627\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06a9\u0679 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0688 (\u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0679) \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u0648\u0688 (\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0679) \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0626\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06c1\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15b6983 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"15b6983\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0688 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba:<\/p>\n<p>Li \u2192 Li <sup>+<\/sup> + e <sup>&#8211;<\/sup>    <\/p>\n<p>Pb \u2192 Pb <sup>2+<\/sup> + 2e <sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Zn \u2192 Zn <sup>2+<\/sup> + 2e <sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u0648\u0688\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba:<\/p>\n<p>PbO <sub>2<\/sub> \u21c4 Pb <sup>2+<\/sup> +2e <sup>&#8211;<\/sup> (\u0644\u06cc\u0688 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0688 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc)<\/p>\n<p>LiFePO <sub>4<\/sub> (\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0626\u0631\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u06cc\u0679 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc)<\/p>\n<p>NiOOH + 2e <sup>&#8211;<\/sup> \u21c4 Ni(OH) <sub>2<\/sub> (Ni-cadmium \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc)<\/p>\n<p>Cl <sub>2<\/sub> + 2e \u21c4 2Cl <sup>&#8211;<\/sup> (\u0632\u0646\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc)<\/p>\n<p>Br <sub>2<\/sub> + 2e \u21c4 2Br <sup>&#8211;<\/sup> (\u0632\u0646\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc)<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46a4924d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"46a4924d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u067e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0688\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0632 - \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5291c29d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5291c29d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u062c\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0691\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0679 (\u06a9\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u0648\u0688)\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0679 (\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0688)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0679 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0646\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u06af \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0686\u06be\u0648\u0679\u06d2 \u062d\u0635\u06d2 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062e\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u06ba\u060c \u0679\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0644 \u067e\u0648\u0633\u0679\u0633 \u0648\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06c1\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73919edc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73919edc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Galvanic \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc (\u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u06cc\u0686\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2) \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 <strong><u>\u067e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c<\/u><\/strong> \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0628 \u06a9\u06c1 <strong><u>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba<\/u><\/strong> \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0679 \u06af\u0632\u0631 \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u06c1 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0645\u062a.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37c4def9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37c4def9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u067e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0632 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06af\u06be\u0691\u06cc\u0648\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u06a9 \u0679\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0679\u06cc \u0648\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0679 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06d2 \u0633\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0679 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0646\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0622\u0679\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u06be\u0631\u06cc\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0679\u0631\u0632\/UPS \u0627\u0648\u0631 Ni-Cd\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/ur\/battery-terms-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ni-MH<\/a> \u0627\u0648\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/lithium-ion-battery\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Li-ion \u0633\u06cc\u0644<\/a> \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06c1\u0631 \u062c\u06af\u06c1 <a href=\"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/lead-acid-battery\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0644\u06cc\u0688 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0688 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc<\/a> \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a (\u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc) \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06c1 \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06be\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u06a9\u0633\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f2bd957 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6f2bd957\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688\u0632 (\u0622\u062f\u06be\u06d2 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a) \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0679\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c393e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c393e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u06a9\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u0644 (\u0648\u0648\u0644\u0679\u06cc\u062c) \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u067e\u0631\u0679\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u062a\u06be\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0688\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u06a9\u06cc \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a (\u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u067e\u0631\u0679\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2) \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u06c1\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41712e42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"41712e42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0679\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0688 (\u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0679) \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u0648\u0688 (\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0679) \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u067e\u0648\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0679\u06cc\u062c \u06a9\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646\u06c1 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u06c1 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba (EMF \u0633\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0679 \u0633\u06d2 \u0646\u06cc\u0686\u06d2\u060c \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u06ba \u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u0628\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06ba)\u06d4 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0679 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 (SHE) \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u067e\u0648\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14bc99ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14bc99ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u06c1 \u062f\u06be\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06ba \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0628 \u062f\u06be\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0646 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be\u060c \u062c\u0648 Ni-MH \u0627\u0648\u0631 Ni-H2 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u06a9\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u0648\u0688\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u06c1 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u0631 \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0632\u060c \u06c1\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0632\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0632 \u0648\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062c\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u06c1 \u062c\u0648 \u062f\u06be\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u0648\u0688 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0626\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0686\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0679 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6eb056cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6eb056cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0648\u0648\u0644\u0679\u06cc\u062c \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0679 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u06a9 \u0642\u0648\u062a \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u06c1 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0642) \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0679\u06cc\u062c \u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0679\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0646\u0686\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0679\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0679 \u06a9\u0648 \u0679\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u0633\u06d2 \u0646\u06a9\u0644\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u0626\u067e \u06a9\u06d2 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u06cc\u06c1 \u062f\u06cc \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0679\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062c\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0646\u0686\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u0622\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0627\u06d4 \u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u067e\u0627\u0626\u067e \u06a9\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062c\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0627\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0646\u06a9\u0644\u06d2 \u06af\u0627\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19cf7810 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"19cf7810\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0679\u06cc\u062c \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba\u061f <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d7e065 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61d7e065\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0679\u06cc\u062c \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u067e\u0648\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0632 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0650\u0628\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0688\u0631\u0688 \u06af\u0650\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0622\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0646 (\u0394 <sub><i>f<\/i><\/sub> <i>G<\/i> \u02da) \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u06af\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 <strong>\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06af\u0650\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0622\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0646<\/strong> \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u06c1 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u06af\u0650\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 1 mole \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062c\u0632\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 (\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc 1 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0624 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 298.15 K \u06cc\u0627 25 \u00b0C)\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-442fb374 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"442fb374\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u06af\u0628\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc (G)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-452bc834 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"452bc834\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u062a\u06be\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0688\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gibbs_free_energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u06af\u0628\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0631\u062c\u06cc<\/a> \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0633\u0679\u0645 \u0633\u06d2 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 (\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0688) \u067e\u0631 \u0622\u0626\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 (\u06a9\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u0648\u0688) \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 galvanic \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0646\u0679\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0626\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0644\u06c1\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0394 <em>G<\/em> \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u0633\u06d2 \u062f\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c <em>\u06af\u0650\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc<\/em> \u060c \u062c\u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37fbd808 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37fbd808\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0631\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba <strong>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u062a\u06cc<\/strong> \u06c1\u06d2:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u2206G<\/em> = &#8211; nFE\u00b0<\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u06c1\u0627\u06ba <em>F<\/em> = \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u06d2 \u0641\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0688\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 (96,485 C \u06cc\u0627 26.8 Ah)<\/p>\n<p><em>n<\/em> = \u0627\u0633\u0679\u0648\u0686\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06a9 \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/p>\n<p><em>E<\/em> <sup>\u00b0<\/sup> = \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u0644\u060c V\u06d4<\/p>\n<p>\u2206G \u06a9\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0648\u06ba\u060c n\u060c F \u0627\u0648\u0631 E \u0633\u06d2 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n<p>galvanic \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0679\u06cc\u062c \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0638\u06c1\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n<p>\u0394G\u00b0 = \u03a3\u0394G\u00b0 <em><sub>f \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/sub><\/em> &#8211; \u03a3\u0394G\u00b0 <em><sub>f \u0631\u06cc<\/sub><\/em> \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0646\u0679\u0633    <\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0691\u06be \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba [\u06c1\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0688\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u0688 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0688 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u060c 1977\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u06c1 366]\u06d4<\/p>\n<p>PbO <sub>2<\/sub> + Pb + 2H <sub>2<\/sub> SO <sub>4<\/sub> \u21c4 2PbSO <sub>4<\/sub> + 2H <sub>2<\/sub> O<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7db5f346 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7db5f346\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0394G\u00b0 = \u03a3\u0394G\u00b0 <em><sub>f \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/sub><\/em> &#8211; \u03a3\u0394G\u00b0 <em><sub>f \u0631\u06cc<\/sub><\/em> \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0646\u0679\u0633    <\/p>\n<p>\u2206G\u00ba = [2( <em>\u2212<\/em> 193. 89) + 2(\u221256 <em>.<\/em> 69)] <em>\u2212<\/em> <em>[<\/em> (\u221252 <em>.<\/em> 34) + 0 <em>&#8211;<\/em> 2 <em>(<\/em> \u2212177 <em>.<\/em> 34 <em>)<\/em> ] <\/p>\n<p><em>=<\/em> <em>&#8211;<\/em> 94 14 \u06a9\u0644\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc \/ \u062a\u0644<\/p>\n<p><em>=<\/em> <em>&#8211;<\/em> 94 14 kcal <em>\/<\/em> mole <em>\u00d7<\/em> 4 184 kJ \/ mole<\/p>\n<p><em>=<\/em> <em>&#8211;<\/em> 393 88 kJ \/ mole<\/p>\n<p><em>E\u00ba<\/em> = <em>\u2212<\/em> \u0394 <em>G\u00ba\/nF<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>= <em>\u2212<\/em> <em>(<\/em> \u2212393 <em>.<\/em> 88 <em>\u00d7<\/em> 1000) <em>\/<\/em> 2 <em>\u00d7<\/em> 96485<\/p>\n<p>= <em>2<\/em> 04 \u0648\u06cc<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u06a9\u0627 <strong>\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06c1<\/strong> \u0633\u0633\u0679\u0645 \u067e\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0644\u06c1\u0630\u0627\u060c<\/p>\n<p>\u2212\u0394G = nFE \u06cc\u0627 \u0394G = \u2212nFE \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0394G\u00ba = \u2212nFE\u00ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47b730e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"47b730e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u067e\u0648\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0679\u06cc\u062c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-351a0a3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"351a0a3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u067e\u0648\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u06c1 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0679\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u06d2 \u06af\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc <sub>\u0633\u06cc\u0644<\/sub> = \u0627\u06cc <sub>\u06a9\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u0648\u0688 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688<\/sub> &#8211; \u0627\u06cc <sub>\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0688 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc <sub>\u0633\u06cc\u0644<\/sub> = \u0627\u06cc <sub>\u067e\u06cc \u067e\u06cc<\/sub> &#8211; \u0627\u06cc <sub>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u06cc<\/sub><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0644 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0641 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u0627\u067e\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc (IUPAC) \u06a9\u06d2 1953 \u0627\u0648\u0631 1968 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0632 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 <em>\u062f\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0627\u062a\u06be \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688<\/em> (RHE) \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u06ba <em>\u06a9\u0645\u06cc<\/em> \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 <em>\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0627\u062a\u06be \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688<\/em> \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u06ba <em>\u0622\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0646<\/em> \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06ba \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u06c1\u06c1 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 <strong>[<\/strong> <em>\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u06cc \u0688\u06cc\u061b McNicol BD \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0688\u060c DAJ\u061b \u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0688\u060c DAJ (ed.) \u0628\u062c\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u06a9 \u0648\u06c1\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u0632\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628 4\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0633\u0679\u0631\u0688\u06cc\u0645\u060c 1984<\/em> <strong>]<\/strong> \u06d4 RHE \u06a9\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u0648\u0688 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 LHE \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0688 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>E <sub>\u0633\u06cc\u0644<\/sub> = E <sub>RHE<\/sub> \u2212 E <sub>LHE<\/sub> <\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u067e\u0648\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u0679\u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0679 \u0628\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u0628\u06a9 \u0633\u06d2 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b31e652 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b31e652\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0644\u06cc\u0688 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0688 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u067e\u0648\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0679\u06cc\u062c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d261aa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d261aa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0627\u06cc <sub>\u0633\u06cc\u0644<\/sub> = \u0627\u06cc <sub>\u06a9\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u0648\u0688 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688<\/sub> &#8211; \u0627\u06cc <sub>\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0688 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>LHE Pb\u00bdH <sub>2<\/sub> SO <sub>4<\/sub> \u00bdH <sub>2<\/sub> SO4\u00bdPbO <sub>2<\/sub> RHE<\/p>\n<p>RHE Pb <sup>4<\/sup> <sup>+<\/sup> + 2e \u21c4 Pb <sup>2+<\/sup> \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u0648\u0688 <em>E<\/em> <em>\u00b0<\/em> <em><sub>Rev<\/sub><\/em> = 1.69 V \u06c1\u06d2<\/p>\n<p>LHE anode <em>E<\/em> <em>\u00b0<\/em> <em><sub>Rev<\/sub><\/em> = \u22120.358 V for Pb <sup>\u00ba<\/sup> \u2212 2e _ Pb <sup>2+<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>E <sub>\u0633\u06cc\u0644<\/sub> = 1.69 \u2013 (-0.358) = 2.048 V\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42a4f180 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"42a4f180\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ni-Cd \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u067e\u0648\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0679\u06cc\u062c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6288d3e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6288d3e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>RHE Cd|KOH|KOH|NiOOH LHE<\/p>\n<p>LHE <em>E<\/em> <em>\u00b0<\/em> <em><sub>Rev<\/sub><\/em> = 0.49 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06d2 NiOOH +2e \u21c4Ni(OH)<\/p>\n<p>RHE <em>E<\/em> <em>\u00b0<\/em> <em><sub>Rev<\/sub><\/em> = &#8211; 0.828 V \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06d2 Cd \u21c4 Cd <sup>2+<\/sup> +2e<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc <sub>\u0633\u06cc\u0644<\/sub> = 0 <em>\u06d4<\/em> 49 V <em>\u2212<\/em> ( <em>\u2212<\/em> 0 <em>.<\/em> 828) = 1 <em>\u06d4<\/em> 318 \u0648\u06cc<\/p>\n<p> \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u06a9\u0627 <em>E<\/em> <em>\u00b0<\/em> <em><sub>Rev<\/sub><\/em> 0.49 V \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 MH \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u06a9\u0627 <em>E<\/em> <em>\u00b0<\/em> <em><sub>Rev<\/sub><\/em> \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u062c\u0632\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0624 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644 <\/p>\n<p>2MH \u21c4 2M + H <sub>2<\/sub> \u2191<\/p>\n<p>MH \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d\u06cc \u062c\u0632\u0648\u06cc \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0631 0.01 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0622\u0631\u0688\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c <em>E<\/em> <em>\u00b0<\/em> <em><sub>Rev<\/sub><\/em> \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 -0.930 \u0627\u0648\u0631 -0.860 V \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc <sub>\u0633\u06cc\u0644<\/sub> = 0 <em>\u06d4<\/em> 49 V <em>\u2212<\/em> ( <em>\u2212<\/em> 0 <em>.<\/em> 89) = 1 <em>\u06d4<\/em> 3 \u0648\u06cc\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa6bf54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5aa6bf54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0626\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u067e\u0648\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0679\u06cc\u062c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52ae5db5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52ae5db5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>RHE C | DMC +DEC +PC \u0645\u06cc\u06ba LiPF <sub>6<\/sub> | LiCoO <sub>2<\/sub> LHE<\/p>\n<p>RHE <em>E<\/em> <em>\u00b0<\/em> <em><sub>Rev<\/sub><\/em> = 0.1 V (\u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06c1 Li \u062f\u06be\u0627\u062a) LiC <sub>6<\/sub> \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u21c4 xLi <sup>+<\/sup> + xe + C <sub>6<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>LHE <em>E<\/em> <em>\u00b0<\/em> <em><sub>Rev<\/sub><\/em> = 3.8 V (\u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06c1 \u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06be\u0627\u062a) Li <sub>1-x<\/sub> CoO <sub>2<\/sub> + xe <em><sup>\u0688\u0633\u0686\u0627\u0631\u062c \u2192<\/sup><\/em> LiCoO <sub>2<\/sub> \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 C <sub>6<\/sub> + LiCoO <sub>2<\/sub> \u21c4 Li <sub>x<\/sub> C <sub>6<\/sub> + Li <sub>1-x<\/sub> CoO <sub>2<\/sub>     <\/p>\n<p>E <sub>\u0633\u06cc\u0644<\/sub> = 3.8 \u2013 (0.1) = 3.7 V\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d56a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5d56a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">LiFePO4 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 Li-ion \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u067e\u0648\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0679\u06cc\u062c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e5081ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e5081ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>RHE C | LiPF <sub>6<\/sub> \u06cc\u0627 LiODFB in (EC+EMC+DEC) | LiFePO <sub>4<\/sub> LHE<\/p>\n<p>RHE <em>E<\/em> <em>\u00b0<\/em> <em><sub>Rev<\/sub><\/em> = 0.1 V (\u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06c1 Li \u062f\u06be\u0627\u062a) LiC <sub>6<\/sub> \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u21c4 xLi <sup>+<\/sup> + xe + C <sub>6<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>LHE <em>E<\/em> <em>\u00b0<\/em> <em><sub>Rev<\/sub><\/em> = 3.5 V (\u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06c1 \u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06be\u0627\u062a) FePO <sub>4<\/sub> + xe + xLi <sup>+<\/sup> = <em><sup>\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u2192<\/sup><\/em> xLiFePO <sub>4<\/sub> + (1-x) FePO <sub>4<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>LIODFB = Lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0644 LiFePO <sub>4<\/sub> + 6C \u2192LiC <sub>6<\/sub> + FePO <sub>4<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc <sub>\u0633\u06cc\u0644<\/sub> = 3.3 \u2013 (0.1) = 3.2 V<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b0927b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3b0927b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u062c\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631: \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0679\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c8e700a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c8e700a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u067e\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0679\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0679\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n<p>P = W = V*A<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062e\u0631\u0686 \u06a9\u06cc \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0679 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u06be\u0646\u0679\u06d2 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc 1 \u0688\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0688 = 1 \u062c\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc = Wh = W*h = V*A*h = 3600 joules\u06d4<\/p>\n<p>1 kWh = 1000 Wh.<\/p>\n<p>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u062c\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 (Ah) \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54fae198 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54fae198\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 Wh \u06cc\u0627 kWh \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062f\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u06af\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 (Wh = VAh)\u06d4<\/p>\n<p>12 V \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 850 Wh 850 Wh\/12 V = 71 Ah \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 71 \u06c1\u062c\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u062a \u062a\u06a9 \u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u0646\u0686\u06cc \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06c1 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0679 \u067e\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 Li-ion \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u060c 1 \u06af\u06be\u0646\u0679\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 70 A \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u06cc\u0688 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0688 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc 1 \u06af\u06be\u0646\u0679\u06c1 \u062a\u06a9 \u06a9\u06be\u0691\u06cc \u0631\u06c1 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0688\u0633\u0686\u0627\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0679 35 A \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u060c VRLA \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc 70A \u0635\u0631\u0641 40 \u0645\u0646\u0679 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21e8417e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21e8417e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>70 A = 70 A*3.6 V = 252 W \u067e\u0631 \u0644\u06cc-\u0622\u0626\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u0648\u0627\u0679\u06d4<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0688 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0688 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06c1 70 A = 70 A * 1.9 V = 133 W \u067e\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u0648\u0627\u0679\u062c\u06d4<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0626\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0679 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0641\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0648\u0627\u0679\u062c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d 70 A = 70 A*3.6 V * 1h = 252 Wh \u067e\u0631 \u0644\u06cc-\u0622\u0626\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06d4<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 70 A = 70 A* 1.9 V * 0.66 h = 88 Wh \u067e\u0631 VR \u0644\u06cc\u0688 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0688 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06d4<\/p>\n<p>\u06c1\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06c1 \u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0626\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0679 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0641\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59731c7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59731c7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a<\/strong> Ah \u0641\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0679 \u0648\u0632\u0646 (Ah\/kg \u06cc\u0627 mAh\/g) \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc<\/strong> Wh \u0641\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0679 \u0648\u0632\u0646 (Wh\/kg) \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u062a<\/strong> Wh \u0641\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0679 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0645 (Wh\/liter) \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n<p><strong><em> <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u0646\u0648\u0679:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><u>\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u06cc<\/u> \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u0648 <u>\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc<\/u> \u0627\u0648\u0631 <u>\u062d\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0633\u06d2<\/u> \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c78ee82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1c78ee82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc - \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0688 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7914f0b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7914f0b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0628\u062c\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0628 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u06c1 1 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0626\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0688 (As) \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 <strong>Faraday constant (F)<\/strong> \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 1 mole \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0686\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 1 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u062c 1.602 x 10 <sup>&#8211;<\/sup> <sup>19<\/sup> \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0628 (C) \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0633 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u062c 96485 C\/mole \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n<p>1 F = 1 (6.02214 *10 <sup>23<\/sup> ) * (1.60218*10 <sup>-19<\/sup> C) = 96485 C (\u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc 96485 C\/mole)<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26384cc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26384cc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>6.02214 *10 <sup>23<\/sup> <strong>Avogadro \u0646\u0645\u0628\u0631 (Avogadro constant) \u06c1\u06d2\u060c<\/strong> \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u0679\u0645\u0648\u06ba\u060c moles \u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u0626\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u0648\u0691\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u060c \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 0.2 \u062a\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc 0.2 *\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0688\u0631\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u06d4 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u062c 1.60217653 x 10 <sup>-19<\/sup> \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0628 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0622\u067e \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0644 \u067e\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0633\u06d2 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0648 \u0622\u067e \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0688\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0645\u0628\u0631 6.02214154 x 10 <sup>23<\/sup> \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 [ <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/how-was-avogadros-number\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/how-was-avogadros -\u0646\u0645\u0628\u0631\/<\/a> ]\u06d4<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>1 F 96485 C\/mole = 96485 As\/60*60 s = 26.8014 Ah\/mole<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24952298 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"24952298\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0644\u06cc\u0688 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0688 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cc2468d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4cc2468d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648\u06c1\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u06d2 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 <em>\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u06c1 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627<\/em> \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u06cc 96,485 \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u06d2 \u06af\u0627 (\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 96,500 C \u067e\u0631 \u06af\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba) \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u06c1 26.8014 Ah \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n<p>207.2 \u062c\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0688 \u0645\u06cc\u0679\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 2F \u0628\u062c\u0644\u06cc = 2 <em>\u00d7<\/em> 26 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 <em>\u06d4<\/em> 8014 \u06be = 53.603 \u06be\u06d4 (\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644: Pb \u2192 Pb <sup>2+<\/sup> + 2e <sup>&#8211;<\/sup> )\u06d4<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u0688 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0688 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u06cc\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0644 (NAM) \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 1 Ah \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u062f\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2 (\u062c\u0633\u06d2 <strong><em>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u062a<\/em><\/strong> \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 <strong>)<\/strong> = 207.2 <em>\/<\/em> 53 <em>\u06d4<\/em> 603 = 3.866 g \/Ah [ <em>\u0628\u0648\u0688\u060c \u06c1\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u0688 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0688 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u060c 1977\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u06c1 292.<\/em> ]\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-545a9f7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"545a9f7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0648<\/strong> <strong><em>\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a<\/em><\/strong> \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<strong><em>  <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a<\/em><\/strong><em> = nF \/ \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u06c1\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0632\u0646\u06d4 (n = \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f)\u06d4<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f81a670 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6f81a670\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee840bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee840bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (NAM) \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a<\/strong> \u060c Pb = 56.3\/207.2 = 0.259 mAh \/g = 259 Ah\/kg\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 <strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc<\/strong> <strong><u>\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc<\/u><\/strong> \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 <strong>NAM \u0644\u06cc\u0688 \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc<\/strong> = 259*2.04 V = 528.36 Wh\/kg<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c26b4f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c26b4f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a (PAM)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ff8610a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ff8610a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u0688 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0688 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 1 Ah \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u062f\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2 (\u062c\u0633\u06d2 <strong><em>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u062a<\/em><\/strong> \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 <strong>)<\/strong> = 239.2 <em>\/<\/em> 53 <em>\u06d4<\/em> 603 = 4.46 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645 \/ \u0622\u06c1\u06d4<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (PAM) \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a\u060c PbO <sub>2<\/sub> = 56.3\/239 = 0.224 mAh \/g = 224 Ah\/kg\u06d4 <strong>PAM \u0644\u06cc\u0688 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688 \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc<\/strong> = 224*2.04 V = 456.96 Wh\/kg\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b292673 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3b292673\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0644\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0626\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0644<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78c7dc9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"78c7dc9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0626\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0688 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5916ab8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5916ab8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>LiC <sub>6<\/sub> <strong>\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u06af\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0634<\/strong> = xF\/n*\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0648\u0632\u0646<\/p>\n<p>= 1 * 26.8\/ 1*72 mAh\/g<\/p>\n<p>LiC <sub>6<\/sub> \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 Li \u0633\u0679\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062c \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u06d4 \u0686\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 Li LCO \u06a9\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u0648\u0688 \u0633\u06d2 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0633 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0688 \u0645\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 = 1; Li <sup>+<\/sup> \u06a9\u0627 100 % \u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u0646 )<\/p>\n<p> = 0.372 Ah\/g<\/p>\n<p> = <strong>372 mAh\/g = 372 Ah\/kg<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc<\/strong> LiC <sub>6<\/sub> = 372*3.7 V<\/p>\n<p>= 1376 Wh\/kg<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-746b94d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"746b94d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">LiCoO2 (LCO) \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dc86814 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7dc86814\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a LiCoO <sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>= 0.5 Li <sup>+<\/sup> + 0.5 e + Li <sub>0.5<\/sub> CoO <sub>2<\/sub> (x = 0.5\u060c Li <sup>+<\/sup> \u06a9\u0627 50 % \u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u0646)<\/p>\n<p>= xF\/n*Mol Wt<\/p>\n<p> =0.5*26.8\/ 1 * 98 Li = 6.94 Co = 58.93 2 O = 32<\/p>\n<p><sub>                  <\/sub> = 13.4 \/ 98 Ah\/g = 0.1368 Ah\/kg<\/p>\n<p> = <strong>137 mAh\/g = 137 Ah\/kg\u06d4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>LiCoO <sub>2<\/sub> \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc = 137*3.7 V = <strong>507 Wh\/kg<\/strong> (x= 0.5\u060c Li <sup>+<\/sup> \u06a9\u0627 50% \u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u0646)<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a <strong>x \u06a9\u0648 1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0627<\/strong> \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u062a\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0648\u06af\u0646\u06cc \u06c1\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u06cc\u060c 137*2= <strong>274 mAh\/g = 274 Ah\/kg<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>LiCoO <sub>2<\/sub><\/u><\/strong> <strong>\u06a9\u06cc<\/strong> <strong>\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc<\/strong> <strong>       <\/strong>= 274 *3.7 V (x= 1. \u0645\u06a9\u0645\u0644 (100%) \u0644\u06cc <sup>+<\/sup> )<\/p>\n<p>= <strong>1013 Wh\/kg<\/strong> <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-350198f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"350198f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">LiFePO4 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aee8f50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aee8f50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p> LiFePO <sub>4<\/sub> \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a   <\/p>\n<p>= xF\/n*Mol Wt<\/p>\n<p>= 26.8\/157.75 = 169.9 mAh\/g = 170 <strong>mAh\/g = 170 Ah\/kg<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>LiFePO <sub>4<\/sub> \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc = 170*3.2 V = 544 Wh\/kg<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16c12202 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"16c12202\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc - \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85e10ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85e10ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u062e\u0630 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u062f\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2:<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc = 26 <em>\u06d4<\/em> 8015 <em>\u00d7<\/em> ( <em><u>nE\/<\/u><\/em> <em>\u03a3moles<\/em> ) Wh\/kg \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u06ba <em>n<\/em> \u0627\u0648\u0631 <em>E<\/em> \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 <em>n<\/em> \u060c \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 <em>E<\/em> \u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0679\u06cc\u062c\u06d4<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0648\u0679<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>S <sub>moles<\/sub> \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0646\u0679\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/li>\n<li>\u0686\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0679 Wh\/kg \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 (Wh kg <sup>-1<\/sup> \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2)\u060c \u06a9\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fef5aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4fef5aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0688 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0688 \u0633\u06cc\u0644<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30722f1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30722f1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u06cc\u06d4<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0646\u0679\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0691\u06be \u06a9\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0627\u06d4 \u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0644\u06cc\u0688 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0688 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2\u060c \u0631\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2:<\/p>\n<p>PbO <sub>2<\/sub> + Pb + 2H <sub>2<\/sub> SO <sub>4<\/sub> \u21c4 2PbSO <sub>4<\/sub> + 2H <sub>2<\/sub> O E\u00ba = 2.04 V\u06d4<\/p>\n<p><sub>\u03a3moles<\/sub> = 239 +207+ 2*98 in g<\/p>\n<p><em>               <\/em>= 0.642 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc<em>       <\/em>= 26 <em>\u06d4<\/em> 8 <em>\u00d7 ( <u>nE\/<\/u> \u03a3moles)<\/em> Wh\/kg <\/p>\n<p> = 26.8*(2*2.04\/0.642) wh\/kg<\/p>\n<p> = 26.8015*(6.3551) Wh\/kg<\/p>\n<p> = 170.3 \u06af\u06be\u0646\u0679\u06c1\/\u06a9\u0644\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a230f17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a230f17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tobias Placke [ <em>J Solid State Electrochem (2017) 21:1939<\/em> <em>\u2013<\/em> <em>1964<\/em> ] \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0644\u06cc\u0688 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0688 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2:<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc = <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26129 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Screen-Shot-2020-09-08-at-8.07.47-AM-300x49.png\" alt=\"Specific energy in electrochemistry\" width=\"300\" height=\"49\">                                   <\/p>\n<p> =1[1\/(224*2.04) + 1\/(259*2.04) + 1\/(273*2.04)]<\/p>\n<p> = 1[(1\/457) + (1\/528) + (1\/557)]<\/p>\n<p> = 1\/(0.002188 + 0.001893 + 0.001796)<\/p>\n<p> = 1\/0.005877<\/p>\n<p> = 170 Wh\/kg<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59b9f10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"59b9f10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ni-Cd \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-584e301d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"584e301d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>2NiOOH + Cd \u21c4 2Ni(OH) <sub>2<\/sub> + Cd(OH) <sub>2<\/sub> E\u00ba = 1.33 V<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc<em>       <\/em>= 26 <em>\u06d4<\/em> 8 <em>\u00d7 ( <u>nE\/<\/u> \u03a3moles)<\/em> Wh\/kg <\/p>\n<p> = 26.8*(2*1.33\/0.296) wh\/kg<\/p>\n<p> = 26.8015*(8.9865) Wh\/kg<\/p>\n<p>= <strong>240.8 \u06af\u06be\u0646\u0679\u06c1\/\u06a9\u0644\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 KOH \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0679 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u06af\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0631 \u063a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627\u06d4 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u06cc\u0646<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u06be\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 214.8 Wh\/kg \u062a\u06a9 \u0622 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u03a3 <sub>moles<\/sub> \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u06af\u06c1 \u0644\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2<\/p>\n<p>0.332. \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06c1 <strong>214<\/strong> <strong>\u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0627\u06d4<\/strong> <strong>8<\/strong> <strong>\u06af\u06be\u0646\u0679\u06c1\/\u06a9\u0644\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86a0527 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"86a0527\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">LiFePO4 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c494ad7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c494ad7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>(x=1. 100% \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644)<\/p>\n<p> = 26 <em>\u06d4<\/em> 8015 <em>\u00d7 ( <u>nE\/<\/u> \u03a3moles)<\/em> Wh\/kg <\/p>\n<p> = 26.8 [(1*3.2)\/(72+157.75) LiFePO4 + 6C + \u0635\u0641\u0631 Li<\/p>\n<p>= 26.8[(1*3.2)\/(229.75)] = 26.8*0.013928<\/p>\n<p>= 0.37329 Wh\/g<\/p>\n<p>= 373 <strong>Wh\/kg<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72d64bca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"72d64bca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">LCO \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e5ffc08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e5ffc08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>(x=1\u061b 100% \u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u0646)<\/p>\n<p> = 26 <em>\u06d4<\/em> 8015 <em>\u00d7<\/em> \u06af\u06be\u0646\u0679\u06c1\/\u06a9\u0644\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645 169.87<\/p>\n<p>= 26.8 [(1*3.7)\/(72+97.87)] LiCoO <sub>2<\/sub> + 6C + \u0635\u0641\u0631 Li<\/p>\n<p>= 26.8 *[(3.7)\/(169.87)] <\/p>\n<p>= 26.8 *0.02178<\/p>\n<p>= 0.58377 Wh\/g<\/p>\n<p>= <strong>584 Wh\/kg<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u06af\u0631 x = 0.5<\/strong> (Li ions \u06a9\u0627 50% intercalation)\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u06ba 26.8 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0633 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0627\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc 13.4\u06d4 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06c1 <strong>584\/2 = 292 Wh\/kg<\/strong> \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0627\u06d4<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bb33444 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7bb33444\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0633\u06cc\u0644\/\u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc (\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc) \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19dc6c4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"19dc6c4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pushevs.com\/2015\/11\/04\/gs-yuasa-improved-cells-lev50-vs-lev50n\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pushevs.com\/2015\/11\/04\/gs-yuasa-improved-cells-lev50-vs-lev50n\/<\/a> <\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0648\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc = (\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0679\u06cc\u062c * \u0622\u06c1) \/ (\u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0633)<\/p>\n<p> = (3.7 V*50 Ah <sub>1<\/sub> ) \/ 1.7 kg (Yuasa LEV50 \u0633\u0646\u06af\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0644)<\/p>\n<p> = 185\/1.7<\/p>\n<p> = <strong>108.8 Wh\/kg<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> = (14.8*50)\/ 7.5 (Yuasa LEV50-4 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc)<\/p>\n<p> = <strong>98.7 Wh\/kg<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u062a = Wh\/ \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0645 = 17.1*4.4*11.5 = 865cc<\/p>\n<p> = 185\/0.865 = <strong>214 Wh \/ \u0644\u06cc\u0679\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> = Wh\/\u062d\u062c\u0645 = 17.5*19.4*11.6 = 3938 cc = 3.94 \u0644\u06cc\u0679\u0631<\/p>\n<p> = 14.8*50 \/ 3.94 = <strong>187 Wh \/ \u0644\u06cc\u0679\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u0628 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc (\u06a9\u0645 kWh) \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b 10% \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0628 \u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u062b\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b 13% \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 (\u06a9\u0645 kWh)<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06c1 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u06c1 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u0688\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0632 (\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f) \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0626\u0646\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u0688\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0632 (\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0679) \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633 \u067e\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u0646\u0645\u0679\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631 (\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25227,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[385],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-385"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/ur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34736","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/ur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/ur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/ur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/ur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34736"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/ur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34736\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/ur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/ur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34736"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/ur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34736"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/ur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}