{"id":30968,"date":"2026-03-02T20:11:17","date_gmt":"2026-03-02T14:41:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/microtexindia.com\/tam-hinh-ong\/"},"modified":"2021-12-19T21:42:22","modified_gmt":"2021-12-19T16:12:22","slug":"tam-hinh-ong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/tam-hinh-ong\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"30968\" class=\"elementor elementor-30968 elementor-5077\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-751493f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"751493f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-63791df0\" data-id=\"63791df0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66c6e49c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"66c6e49c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\nT\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng: pin h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng cao v\u00e0 pin t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-596891c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"596891c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. Pin t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ceb7ea1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ceb7ea1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 pin<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ho\u1eb7c pin). Pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 pin thu\u1ed9c <a href=\"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/electrochemistry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/a> , \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m b\u00e1n h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-265d287 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"265d287\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxy h\u00f3a-kh\u1eed t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxy h\u00f3a kh\u1eed) li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t trong \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c electron sinh ra trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1eed \u0111i qua m\u1ea1ch ngo\u00e0i n\u1ed1i hai n\u1eeda t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, do \u0111\u00f3 sinh ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a x\u1ea3y ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng electron kh\u1ecfi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m anot (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1eed x\u1ea3y ra khi electron \u0111\u1ebfn catot (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 oxit, clorua, oxi, v.v.) qua m\u1ea1ch ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b125fcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b125fcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin ax\u00edt ch\u00ec:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Khi m\u1ea1ch ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c electron b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i t\u1eeb c\u1ef1c \u00e2m do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i (oxi h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a) ch\u00ec (Pb) th\u00e0nh ion ch\u00ec h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb hai (Pb2 +). (C\u00e1c ion sau c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed sunphat \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ch\u00ec sunfat (PbSO4) b\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o). C\u00e1c electron n\u00e0y di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ea1ch ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01a1i ch\u00fang chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00ec \u0111ioxit th\u00e0nh ch\u00ec sunfat t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00ec \u0111ioxit b\u1ecb kh\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ch\u00ec sunfat do c\u00e1c ion Pb4 + \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ion Pb2 + trong PbSO4.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fd8e83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2fd8e83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 pin t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4219e09d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4219e09d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">PbO2 + Pb + 2PbSO4 S\u1ea1c \u2194 <span style=\"font-size: 17px;\">X\u1ea3 2PbSO4 + 2H2O<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00ec (Pb <span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\u00b0<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 17px;\">) t\u0103ng l\u00ean Pb<\/span> <i style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium;\"><sup><span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">2+<\/span><\/sup> <span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 17px;\"> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng 2 electron trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a trong thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>Theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c, h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00ec trong ch\u00ec \u0111ioxit (Pb c\u00f3 4 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb trong ch\u00ec \u0111ioxit) b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng 2 <span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; vertical-align: super;\">+<\/span><\/p>\n<p> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 hai \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxy h\u00f3a. S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c26ee9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c26ee9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf (hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf) c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c ch\u00ec (c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n) t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ec trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o axit ch\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng -0,35 \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng -0,20 v\u00f4n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. Do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 an\u1ed1t trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27ea923 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"27ea923\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c ch\u00ec \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt (c\u1ef1c \u00e2m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n) gi\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u00e2m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. \u0110i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf t\u1ea5m d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ec \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o axit ch\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 1,69 \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 1,5 v\u00f4n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u00e2m trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u1eed x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e0bc53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e0bc53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t sinh do c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c, g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 \u00e1p, \u03b7 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u1ed9i, x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, qu\u00e1 \u00e1p l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 OCV v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-786c6e74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"786c6e74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Do \u0111\u00f3, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, E <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0111\u0129a<\/span> = EOCV &#8211; \u03b7POS &#8211; \u03b7NEG &#8211; IR.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n E <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Ch<\/span> = EOCV + \u03b7POS + \u03b7NEG + IR.<\/p>\n<p>IR \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v.v. IR ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00f4, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ed9 cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p, v.v.), nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PbSO4 trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi d\u00e2y d\u1eabn tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0103n m\u00f2n, ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19d22a8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"19d22a8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u00f4. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 chung n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u do d\u00e2y d\u1eabn tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng cung c\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m d\u00e0i h\u01a1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u IR h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, cell c\u00f3 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i tr\u1edf th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a VRLAB 12V \/ 28Ah l\u00e0 6 m\u03a9, trong khi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a pin dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (12V \/ 7Ah) l\u00e0 20 \u0111\u1ebfn 23 m\u03a9. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11333662 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11333662\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u1ede c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u03b7 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u03b7 v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, I, c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Ohm v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n<p>Edisch = EOCV &#8211; IR.<br \/>ECh = EOCV + IR.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o axit-ch\u00ec.<br \/>C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o axit-ch\u00ec.<\/p>\n<p>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a pin ti\u1ec3u, \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u00e2m trong khi \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4397df9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4397df9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c ch\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c \u00e2m trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c ch\u00ec \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c \u00e2m b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m trong c\u00e1c \u00f4 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p. <br \/>\u0110\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a pin axit-ch\u00ec.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24be00be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24be00be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p h\u1edf m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 2,05V v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p n\u1ea1p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch so v\u1edbi \u03b7 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf b\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o d\u00f2ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u03b7 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 cho \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7fd5f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d7fd5f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Fig-1-2-Tubular-Plate-phzmo5ccf0gx975qjtyihvf0i87j3otqvhx3thn6b0.jpg\" title=\"H\u00ecnh 1 &amp; 2 T\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng\" alt=\"H\u00ecnh 1 &amp; 2 T\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">H\u00ecnh 1 Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng LAB &amp; oxy h\u00f3a kh\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m pos &amp; neg <br>H\u00ecnh 2 Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m &amp; t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o axit ch\u00ec<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10812b67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10812b67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng:<br \/>Ch\u00ec, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c:<br \/>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n: Pb \u2192 Pb2 + + 2e-<br \/>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n: Pb2 + \u2192 Pb (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 PbSO4 \u2192 Pb)<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00ec \u0111ioxit, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c:<br \/>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n: Pb4 + \u2192 Pb2 + (PbO2 \u2192 PbSO4) <br \/>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n: Pb2 + \u2192 PbO2 (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 PbSO4 \u2192 PbO2)<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh sunfat ch\u00ec, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gladstone v\u00e0 Tribe \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cthuy\u1ebft sunphat k\u00e9p\u201d v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1882.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b0d970 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8b0d970\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i pin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-614005f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"614005f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pin ti\u1ec3u<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p (ho\u1eb7c pin l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 t\u00edch l\u0169y)<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ebf b\u00e0o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. Trong pin s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch. Pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ed9p ch\u1ee9a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, trong khi trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u1edf b\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7244c77c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7244c77c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Trong c\u00e1c \u00f4 ch\u00ednh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c \u00f4 b\u1ea1c-oxit-k\u1ebdm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111eo tay, c\u00e1c \u00f4 MnO2-Zn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u00e8n flash v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb xa cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb AC, TV, v.v.) thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, trong c\u00e1c \u00f4 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1917d8ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1917d8ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Sau khi ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta cho d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u theo chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho lo\u1ea1i pin n\u00e0y l\u00e0 pin axit-ch\u00ec, pin Li-ion, pin Ni-Cd (th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 pin NiOOH-Cd), pin Ni-Fe, pin Ni-MH, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i pin th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29577c02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"29577c02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m thu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch, ch\u00ec \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt (PbO2) trong \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea5m\u201d) v\u00e0 ch\u00ec (Pb) trong b\u1ea3n \u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o axit ch\u00ec, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ch\u00ec sunphat (PbSO4) khi c\u1ea3 hai v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, axit sunfuric lo\u00e3ng, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/li>\n<li>PbO2 + Pb + 2PbSO4 S\u1ea1c \u2194 <span style=\"font-size: 17px;\">X\u1ea3 2PbSO4 + 2H2O<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50e19219 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"50e19219\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u01a1 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau hao trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh sau cho ph\u00e9p kh\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1576630d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1576630d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u1edf th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 hydro, metanol, hydrocacbon, kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u00e0u hydro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ph\u00eda c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t, n\u00ean thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef &#8221; pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u &#8221; \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u00d4xy, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u00f4xy h\u00f3a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u1ef1c \u00e2m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa84445 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fa84445\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u1ebf b\u00e0o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fef50f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3fef50f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u H2 \/ O2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra 1,23 V \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0: H2 + \u00bd O2 \u2192 H2O ho\u1eb7c 2H2 + O2 \u2192 2H2O E \u00b0 = 1,23 V<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p h\u1eefu \u00edch kh\u00e1c xa so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 1,23 V v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 0,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,9 V. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8221; ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c &#8221;, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i pin \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-394ccef4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"394ccef4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u1eaec quy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46426a56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46426a56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin axit-ch\u00ec, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng (hay th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;t\u1ea5m&#8221;) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: <br \/>H\u1ecd \u0111ang:<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t. T\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m d\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m d\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m Faur\u00e9 (\u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1eeb 1,3 \u0111\u1ebfn 4,0 mm)<br \/>b. T\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trong ~ 4,9 \u0111\u1ebfn 7,5 mm) <br \/>C. T\u1ea5m Plant\u00e9 (6 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 mm)<br \/>d. T\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n <br \/>e. T\u1ea5m cu\u1ed9n th\u1ea1ch (0,6 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,9 mm)<br \/>f. T\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8f157e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d8f157e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t; m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1eb7ng trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 DG), n\u00f3 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 thu d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt ki\u1ec3u m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t nh\u00e3o l\u00e0m t\u1eeb h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u00f4x\u00edt ch\u00ec, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 axit sunfuric, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. C\u1ea3 hai b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c gi\u1ed1ng nhau, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia. L\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i pin m\u1ecfng, pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t cao c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00f4 t\u00f4. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00e0 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 n\u0103m trong m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n-ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c694209 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c694209\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>T\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng: Lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t nh\u01b0 trong lo\u1ea1i pin t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, lo\u1ea1i pin axit-ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i Plant\u00e9. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng d\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 6-10 mm \u0111\u00fac c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m ch\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng d\u1ecdc. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1edd k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u d\u1ea1ng phi\u1ebfn, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng g\u1ea5p 12 l\u1ea7n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b864fa1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b864fa1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>T\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00ec nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ki\u1ec3u m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o g\u00f3c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c 10 \u00b0), c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau theo chi\u1ec1u ngang v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb ch\u00ec nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i Bell, Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ea5m cu\u1ed9n th\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ecfng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb h\u1ee3p kim thi\u1ebfc \u00edt ch\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1eeb 0,6 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,9 mm t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cao. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c oxit ch\u00ec, ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m k\u00ednh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea5n theo h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cf8cdf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6cf8cdf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c: C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ea5m d\u1eabn trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c polyme d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e2m \u1edf m\u1eb7t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau theo c\u00e1ch sao cho c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u1edf gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang., \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u00f4 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf b\u00ean trong. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c trong pin l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c lu\u00f4n thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ef1c, d\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54933f26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"54933f26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t - Pin h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 pin t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53f46a68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53f46a68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Pin t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng d\u00f9ng<\/strong> cho d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao, ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0 trong pin kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 DG. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd t\u1eeb 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 n\u0103m v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ebft tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb bong ra sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3d6e76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e3d6e76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pin d\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng hay t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64756307 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"64756307\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/strong> v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd kho\u1ea3ng 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 15 n\u0103m trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a phao. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd chu k\u1ef3 cao nh\u1ea5t. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a trong kh\u00f4ng gian h\u00ecnh khuy\u00ean gi\u1eefa c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 oxit. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng do s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quay theo chu k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b45854a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1b45854a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>H\u1ebft tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u1ea1i do gai b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa gai v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1eb7ng, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee1 \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t l\u1edbp \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5256af9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5256af9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>T\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u1ea5m Plant\u00e9<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c k\u00e9m h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd phao d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t. <strong>Gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i t\u0129nh kh\u00e1c.<\/strong> L\u00fd do cho tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 do b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea5m d\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<br \/>C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi Lucent Technologies (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m AT&amp;T Bell) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd r\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n trong 23 n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i pin n\u00e0y l\u00e0 68 \u0111\u1ebfn 69 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16fa808 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16fa808\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cu\u1ed9n th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o d\u1ea1ng cu\u1ed9n th\u1ea1ch (\u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c qu\u1ea5n xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c) trong h\u1ed9p ch\u1ee9a h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong cao h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cao h\u01a1n<br \/>h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh l\u0103ng tr\u1ee5. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p kim lo\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ef1a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao t\u1eeb 170 kPa \u0111\u1ebfn 275 kPa (25 \u0111\u1ebfn 40 psi \u00bb1,7 \u0111\u1ebfn 2,75 bar) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i, qu\u1ea5n xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c t\u1eeb 7 kPa \u0111\u1ebfn 14 kPa (1 \u0111\u1ebfn 2 psi\u00bb 0,07 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,14 bar) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin h\u00ecnh l\u0103ng tr\u1ee5 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b6c89e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b6c89e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Pin t\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c<\/strong><br \/>Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed trung t\u00e2m (ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m polyme d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n) \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kia l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e2m. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u00f4 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf b\u00ean trong. C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c trong \u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c lu\u00f4n thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ef1c, d\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78842204 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78842204\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean pin n\u00e0y c\u00f3 <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, gi\u1ea3m 40% th\u1ec3 t\u00edch ho\u1eb7c 60% k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a pin axit-ch\u00ec th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt h\u01a1n 30% ho\u1eb7c 70% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a pin axit-ch\u00ec th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42cb874e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42cb874e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>3. T\u1ea1i sao pin h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>Pin t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao v\u1edbi dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1edd trong t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1edbn cho xe t\u1ea3i x\u1ebfp d\u1ee1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, m\u00e1y k\u00e9o, xe khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, xe g\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i pin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong m\u1ecdi gia \u0111\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n-UPS.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m lo\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c cao (cao t\u1eeb 1 m\u00e9t tr\u1edf l\u00ean) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong pin t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 5.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 22.000 Ah. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y b\u01a1m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng axit c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o cao t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 1,4 m.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f0b9f41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f0b9f41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pin axit ch\u00ec-van \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng van \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ng men \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>Pin EV d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng m\u1ecfng cho xe t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 xe bu\u00fdt t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c EV v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p 800 \u0111\u1ebfn 1500 chu k\u1ef3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ddff674 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ddff674\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>B\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y minh h\u1ecda m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y gai, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62b5621 uael-header-sticky-no uael-border-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-table\" data-id=\"62b5621\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"uael-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div itemscope class=\"uael-table-wrapper\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Table\">\n\t\t<table id=\"uael-table-id-62b5621\" class=\"uael-text-break uael-column-rules uael-table\" data-sort-table=\"no\" data-show-entry=\"no\" data-searchable=\"no\" data-responsive=\"no\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"0\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-c226302 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng mm -&gt;<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"1\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-fa2edd7 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">7.5<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"2\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-0e72cf9 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">6.1<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"3\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-b0ee10d uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">4.9<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t<!-- ROWS -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr data-entry=\"1\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-db334a3\" data-title=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng mm -&gt;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i (Kg \/ L\u00edt)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-5138208\" data-title=\"7.5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">1.280<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-6012c5d\" data-title=\"6.1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">1.300<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-30ea622\" data-title=\"4.9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">1.320<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"2\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-128315a\" data-title=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng mm -&gt;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gai<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-8f59747\" data-title=\"7.5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">19<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3d4bcd4\" data-title=\"6.1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">24<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-845ff55\" data-title=\"4.9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">30<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"3\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-63a7188\" data-title=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng mm -&gt;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">S\u00e2n t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-9dfcddc\" data-title=\"7.5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">15.9<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-8ed2cce\" data-title=\"6.1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">13.5<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-a625789\" data-title=\"4.9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">11.4<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"4\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-975b350\" data-title=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng mm -&gt;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-db1e5d9\" data-title=\"7.5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">3.2<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-80fa819\" data-title=\"6.1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">2.3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1c83108\" data-title=\"4.9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">1.85<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"5\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-c74132e\" data-title=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng mm -&gt;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (Wh tr\u00ean kg) \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 5 gi\u1edd<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-bc7bbda\" data-title=\"7.5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">28<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-c250b97\" data-title=\"6.1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">36<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-b85dfb8\" data-title=\"4.9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">40<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr><tr data-entry=\"6\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3978c30\" data-title=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng mm -&gt;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">Chu k\u1ef3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-33cea21\" data-title=\"7.5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">1500<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-955f793\" data-title=\"6.1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">1000<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-e441e88\" data-title=\"4.9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">800<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-410cbe94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"410cbe94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Tham kh\u1ea3o: KD Merz, J. Power Sources, 73 (1998) 146-151.<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b5d696e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b5d696e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">4. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea5m pin h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93c950d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93c950d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>T\u00fai h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Phillipart ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00fai h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng b\u1edfi Woodward \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1890-1900 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng cao su c\u00f3 r\u00e3nh (Exide Ironclad) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Smith ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1910.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e8n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed1ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed1ng mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb chi\u1ebft r\u00f3t. S\u1ef1 c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gai do chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin th\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <a href=\"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/battery-products\/pluri-tubular-bags\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">t\u00fai \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed1ng g\u0103ng tay PT.<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2743617e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2743617e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u1ed1ng. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c T\u00fai PT (g\u0103ng tay) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u1ee7y tinh ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t (polyester, polypropylene, copolyme acrylonitrile, v.v.) b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ec7t, b\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec9.<\/p>\n<p>Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ea3i d\u1ec7t theo chi\u1ec1u ngang b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a vinyl clorua v\u00e0 vinyl axetat. Hai l\u1edbp v\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n qua hai b\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y l\u00f2 r\u00e8n h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 (tr\u1ee5c g\u00e1) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thanh r\u00e8n li\u1ec1n nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-390d8d59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"390d8d59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nh\u01b0ng vinyl axetat b\u1ecb tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng axit axetic, do \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecfng pin s\u1edbm. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ni\u00eam phong nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ni\u00eam phong v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i s\u1ebd y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp s\u1ebd s\u1edbm t\u00e1ch ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ni\u00eam phong qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng, ni\u00eam phong t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng may th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 s\u1edbm b\u1ecb bung ra khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b40b109 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b40b109\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch ra trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecb c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb sau \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u0129a v\u00e0o ng\u0103n ch\u1ee9a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o do c\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c0362ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c0362ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0n k\u00edn b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ec7t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i \u0111an ch\u00e9o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch. Modem nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i polyester d\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh v\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea3i polyester kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cfd7ff4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2cfd7ff4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>S\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a v\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n do chi ph\u00ed nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ec7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n n\u1ed5, \u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0y h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng d\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n (do v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n). Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u1ed1ng c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m, do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat s\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54a6fd54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54a6fd54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p<br \/>s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u1ea3 th\u1ee7y tinh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i polyester \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Pin d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u0129nh trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c trong toa xe, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 2,2 \u0111\u1ebfn 2,30 v\u00f4n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i cell, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n \/ \u1eafc quy UPS th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u1eafc quy \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng xe l\u1eeda v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (t\u1ebf b\u00e0o TL &amp; AC).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bd574cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4bd574cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>M\u00e1y chi\u1ebft r\u00f3t t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>Trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c gai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00fac t\u1eeb h\u1ee3p kim ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thanh c\u00e1i tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng, b\u1eb1ng tay ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y \u0111\u00fac \u00e1p l\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c gai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00fai h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gai v\u00e0 t\u00fai PT (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 \u00f4x\u00edt) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1eb1ng \u00f4x\u00edt kh\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed3 thixotropic \u01b0\u1edbt. C\u00e1c gai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n nh\u00f4 ra gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p trong c\u00e1c gai. T\u00fai PT lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb s\u1ee3i polyester d\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec9. C\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m, \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn \/ l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ea1ng th\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecd v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ly th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68613c10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"68613c10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00d4x\u00edt l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o: ch\u1ec9 \u00f4x\u00edt x\u00e1m, \u00f4x\u00edt x\u00e1m v\u00e0 ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ecf (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cminium\u201d) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ecf trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ecf m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt ch\u00ec, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u00ec monoxit. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ecf Pb3O4 = 2PbO + PbO2.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, sau khi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u00f4x\u00edt l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo b\u00e1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 pin v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23f3e39d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23f3e39d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u1ea5m \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng theo quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#8220;blanc fixe&#8221; nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t d\u00e1n \u00f4 t\u00f4. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong l\u00f2 \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 ng\u00e0y, sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh v\u00e0o nhau trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c4e5282 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c4e5282\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a axit \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i d\u01b0a chua v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e2m chua ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u axit h\u01a1n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn cho pin d\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng ng\u00e2m, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 20 \u0111i\u1ec3m. Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 1,240 \u00b1 0,010 \u1edf 27 \u00b0 C.<br \/>Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a pin c\u00e0ng cao, nh\u01b0ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i.<br \/>Ho\u1eb7c, c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a, s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-109fcdee elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"109fcdee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">5. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e14445 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1e14445\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Fig-3-4-Tubular-Plates-phzmon7a0v5ddsfsnjofb8wrsjri5xsn9ybbxqwp0s.jpg\" title=\"H\u00ecnh 3 &amp; 4 T\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng\" alt=\"H\u00ecnh 3 &amp; 4 T\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">H\u00ecnh 3 C\u00e1c \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c, ph\u1eb3ng, h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt H\u00ecnh 4 Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ca039a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ca039a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 pin. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 8 mm \u0111\u1ebfn 4,5 mm. <\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c ph\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng tr\u1ee5 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n (nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ddd4470 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ddd4470\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">7. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5m Tubular<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cbcdd8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7cbcdd8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 ra c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef b\u1edfi t\u00fai h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p cao h\u01a1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng c\u00e0ng d\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 1000 \u0111\u1ebfn 2000 chu k\u1ef3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m. T\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng c\u00e0ng d\u00e0y th\u00ec s\u1ed1 chu k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f9a4a10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3f9a4a10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">8. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5m Tubular?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-686e1a1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"686e1a1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf tr\u00ean, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a pin d\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi pin d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00e2y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00fd do l\u00e0m cho tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a pin d\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. Quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng gi\u1eef oxit, do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 r\u01a1i v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfng pin. Ngo\u00e0i ra, theo th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c gai c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ec \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gai. \u0102n m\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim ch\u00ec th\u00e0nh ch\u00ec \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ebe552c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ebe552c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim ch\u00ec v\u00e0 ch\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf an\u1ed1t cao h\u01a1n 1,7 \u0111\u1ebfn 2,0 v\u00f4n v\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a axit sulfuric c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh PbO2.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13a53856 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13a53856\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf (OCV) \u1edf ph\u00eda cao h\u01a1n, \u00f4xy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ly \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u00f4xy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u00f3. Do c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c (PAM) d\u00e0y bao quanh c\u00e1c gai, oxy ph\u1ea3i di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48689a38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48689a38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">9. Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng pin n\u00e0o l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5m pin h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-562b963d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"562b963d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i pin chu k\u1ef3 d\u00e0i dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (xe n\u00e2ng, \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec7n, v.v.). N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Opzs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pin OPzS<\/a> cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin (BESS), n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao t\u1edbi 11000 Ah v\u00e0 200 \u0111\u1ebfn 500 kWh v\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 20 MWh.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52129983 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52129983\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho BESS l\u00e0 c\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec9nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1, d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i, ngu\u1ed3n kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, v.v.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u1eafc quy d\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n-UPS. Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m duy\u1ec7t web, n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, pin ax\u00edt ch\u00ec-van d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m c\u00f3 van \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i gel l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>EV y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 800 chu k\u1ef3 v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 40 Wh \/ kg c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t pin EV h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng m\u1ecfng. Ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n l\u00e0 200Ah \u0111\u1ebfn 1000Ah v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 5 gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39590658 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"39590658\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>10. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a pin t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00ednh n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a pin t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t trong su\u1ed1t tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bong tr\u00f3c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>Pin s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao t\u1eeb 15-20 n\u0103m trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ea1c n\u1ed5i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo chu k\u1ef3 (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 pin k\u00e9o), pin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e2u t\u1eeb 800 \u0111\u1ebfn 1500 chu k\u1ef3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3 c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p th\u00ec tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u00e0ng cao.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4533cb8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4533cb8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh van \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng trong ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n. V\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i n\u00e0o ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-573da3ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"573da3ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>11. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y nay, pin axit-ch\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. Trong \u1eafc quy axit-ch\u00ec, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1eafc quy \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn pin c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m d\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng. Pin \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u00f3 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 33 Ah \u0111\u1ebfn 180 Ah, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ef1ng trong h\u1ed9p monoblocs, nh\u01b0ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb 45 Ah \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn Ah.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-588f0f23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"588f0f23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pin t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf (l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 200 Ah) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p th\u00e0nh monoblocs v\u00e0 cell 2v dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn trong h\u1ed9p ch\u1ee9a duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i theo c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 song song. \u1eaec quy t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0129nh trong t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v.v. <a href=\"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/battery-products\/forklift-batteries\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u1eaec quy k\u00e9o<\/a> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 xe t\u1ea3i x\u1ebfp d\u1ee1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, xe n\u00e2ng h\u00e0ng, xe \u0111\u00e1nh g\u00f4n, v.v.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng: pin h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng cao v\u00e0 pin t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng 1. Pin t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 pin C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ho\u1eb7c pin). Pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25585,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[273],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30968","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghe-tam-hinh-ong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30968","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30968"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30968\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25585"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30968"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30968"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30968"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}