{"id":31091,"date":"2026-03-03T13:47:48","date_gmt":"2026-03-03T08:17:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/microtexindia.com\/pin-agm\/"},"modified":"2026-03-03T11:53:27","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T06:23:27","slug":"pin-agm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/pin-agm\/","title":{"rendered":"Pin AGM"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Pin AGM c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pin AGM d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft, AGM, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb g\u00ec. Pin AGM d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/strong>: N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Absorbent Glass Mat, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng m\u1ecfng manh, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p cao v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i m\u1ecbn x\u1ed1p c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y tinh borosilicat v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m v\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch pin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i pin axit-ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1eaec quy axit ch\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh van AGM (VRLAB). N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch pin x\u1ed1p. Pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch AGM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 pin AGM.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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B\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch pin AGM<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng pin AGM<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pin VRLA AGM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3i. Pin n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u00edch c\u1ee1 t\u1eeb 0,8 Ah (12 V) \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m Ah, t\u1eeb 2 V \u0111\u1ebfn 12 V. c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a 2 V ho\u1eb7c 4 V ho\u1eb7c 6 V ho\u1eb7c 12 V cell \/ pin. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (SPV), cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (UPS), thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb li\u00ean l\u1ea1c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, r\u00f4 b\u1ed1t, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y, Truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (CATV) , Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb li\u00ean l\u1ea1c quang h\u1ecdc, Tr\u1ea1m g\u1ed1c H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i C\u1ea7m tay C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (PHS), Tr\u1ea1m g\u1ed1c microcell, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m, v.v.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pin AGM vs ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u1eaec quy ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng k\u00e9m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i.
Vi\u1ec7c \u1eafc quy axit-ch\u00ec b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. H\u1ecd \u0111ang:<\/p>

  1. Gi\u1eef cho ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a pin s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt axit.<\/li>
  2. Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n (trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1eafc quy b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc) \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t.
    S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n ly n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n (ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n) c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i khi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong axit lo\u00e3ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n ly th\u00e0nh hydro v\u00e0 oxy theo ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch:
    2H2O \u2192 2H2 \u2191 + O2 \u2191<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Pin axit-ch\u00ec ch\u1ee9a axit sunfuric lo\u00e3ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a pin th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9p ch\u1ee9a, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u00f4, n\u1eafp, v.v. b\u1ecb phun axit v\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 b\u1ee5i. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lau b\u1eb1ng kh\u0103n \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 b\u00f4i vaseline tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u00e0u h\u01a1i xanh do s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng thau. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p, th\u00ec s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0103n m\u00f2n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh l\u1ee5c, do sunfat s\u1eaft. N\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do ch\u00ec sunphat (do sunfat h\u00f3a) ho\u1eb7c do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7y h\u01a1i axit ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb pin trong khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra. Kh\u00f3i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb xung quanh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.
    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 pin, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy ngh\u0129 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960. Ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, pin th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 “kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng” m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o niken-cadmium k\u00edn l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a VRLAB.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u R & D tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o axit ch\u00ec nh\u1ecf, h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c qu\u1ea5n xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1967 trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Gates, Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1edfi John Devitt. N\u0103m 1968, Donald H. McClelland tham gia c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng. B\u1ed1n n\u0103m sau, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1971, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o b\u00e1n: m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o D-cell mangan dioxide th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gates Energy Products Denver, CO, Hoa K\u1ef3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. [J. Devitt, J Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n 64 (1997) 153-156]. Donald. H. McClelland v\u00e0 John L. Devitt c\u1ee7a T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Gates, Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i pin axit-ch\u00ec k\u00edn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd chu tr\u00ecnh oxy [DH McClelland v\u00e0 JL Devitt US Pat. 3862861 (1975).]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hai c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u00f3 ga (GE) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean AGM \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sau \u1edf M\u1ef9, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.
    \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, pin axit-ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng van \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 pin ‘kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng’, pin thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, pin k\u00edn, v.v. Do c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n t\u1ee5ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ‘kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng’, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n nay “\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng van” \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. V\u00ec pin VR c\u00f3 van x\u1ea3 \u00e1p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cni\u00eam phong\u201d c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa pin AGM v\u00e0 pin ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Pin AGM v\u00e0 pin th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c pin ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng duy nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 pin b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Pin ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c pin th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c pin ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi pin AGM \u1edf ch\u1ed7 pin sau kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u1ecfng t\u1ef1 do, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 b\u1ed5 sung n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t do \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n . M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, trong pin AGM, l\u00e0 pin axit ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng van (VRLA), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o VR s\u1ebd x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201coxy n\u1ed9i xe \u0111\u1ea1p”. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh oxy, pin AGM c\u00f3 van x\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u. N\u1eafp cao su \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t che m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5. Khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong pin \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, van s\u1ebd n\u00e2ng (m\u1edf) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed t\u00edch t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, van s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong l\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a van n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111a t\u1ea1p. (i) \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3 NAM. (ii) \u0110\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n oxy hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb PAM \u0111\u1ebfn NAM, v\u00e0 (iii) \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 pin kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Trong pin AGM, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch AGM. Do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tr\u00e0n ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0103n m\u00f2n, axit sunfuric lo\u00e3ng. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, pin AGM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0o, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb l\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng pin ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. Trong khi l\u1eafp pin VRLA, thao t\u00e1c l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p pin dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a VRLAB, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 “th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng”. Do \u0111\u00f3, pin AGM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng pin 12V 7Ah VRLA. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin VRLA AGM ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 25% so v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    So v\u1edbi pin VR ho\u1eb7c AGM VR c\u00f3 ga, phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong pin c\u00f3 ga v\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p pin AGM, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 trong pin ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111i, do \u0111\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a pin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin AGM li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c n\u00e9n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a pin. M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1p xe \/ cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb bong tr\u00f3c do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n. <\/p>

    Pin VRLA l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i pin s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. R\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00e0 s\u1ea1c ban \u0111\u1ea7u r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian, do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi gian l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t tinh khi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin VRLA. B\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u00e1ch \u0110HC\u0110, t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t do t\u1ef1 x\u1ea3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 0,1% m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p pin AGM trong khi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 0,7-1,0% m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c \u00f4 b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc. Do \u0111\u00f3, pin AGM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ea1c m\u1edbi. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh, pin AGM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ea1c l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 6 th\u00e1ng (20\u00baC \u0111\u1ebfn 40\u00baC), 9 th\u00e1ng (20\u00baC \u0111\u1ebfn 30\u00baC) v\u00e0 1 n\u0103m n\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1edbi 20\u00baC. [panasonic-batteries-vrla-for-professionals_interactive March 2017 p 18]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\u0110\u1eb7c\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    https:\/\/www.furukawadenchi.co.jp\/english\/catalog\/pdf\/small_size.pdf<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Ph\u1ecfng theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o Furukawa<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n (\u00baC) <\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNg\u1eadp<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNg\u1eadp<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNg\u1eadp<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVRLA<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVRLA<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVRLA<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTh\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (th\u00e1ng)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec (ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t (ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTh\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (th\u00e1ng)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec (ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t (ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t40<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t40<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t60<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t40<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t35<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t65<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t70<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t30<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t40<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t50<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t50<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t80<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t20<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t40<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t75<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t25<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t90<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t25<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t13<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t60<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t40<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t25<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t55<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t45<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t82<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t18<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t25<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t5<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t60<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t40<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t5<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t85<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t15<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t25<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t70<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t30<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t88<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t12<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t25<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t75<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t25<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t90<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t25<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t90<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t97<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t12<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t85<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t15<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t90<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t

    Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00fa v\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi - Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf pin AGM<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    Pin AGM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch trong 30 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 sau khi s\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean p. 436 Wagner<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t

    Pin AGM c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng pin gel kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hai lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i pin \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh van (VR), s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n. AGM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch trong pin AGM, trong \u0111\u00f3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a trong c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch AGM c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p cao. Ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch AGM l\u00e0 90-95%. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch b\u1ed5 sung n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ebfp theo, h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng AGM kh\u00f4ng b\u00e3o h\u00f2a v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 5% kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1eb1ng axit. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh oxy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Pin AGM so v\u1edbi Gel<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Oxy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng qua b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea1p. Vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e3o h\u00f2a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a t\u1eeb 95% tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean. (KHO\u1ea2NG C\u00c1CH: L\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng AGM tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Nh\u01b0ng trong pin \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n d\u1ea1ng gel, ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t silica b\u1ed1c kh\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3, do \u0111\u00f3 pin gel tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1ch l\u00e0 polyvinyl clorua (PVC) ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i xenlulo. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00ed oxy s\u1ebd khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n qua c\u00e1c khe v\u00e0 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t trong ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n gel. Pin gel c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m lo\u1ea1i d\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng. C\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i pin gel \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 van x\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cchu tr\u00ecnh oxy b\u00ean trong\u201d.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Trong c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i pin VRLA, kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee7 cho ph\u00e9p v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n oxy nhanh ch\u00f3ng qua pha kh\u00ed. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt m\u1ecfng \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5m qua b\u1edfi oxy h\u00f2a tan, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh oxy b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ea1t g\u1ea7n 100%. Khi ban \u0111\u1ea7u pin b\u00e3o h\u00f2a v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, n\u00f3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n oxy nhanh ch\u00f3ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Khi \u0111\u1ea1p xe, m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o “ \u01b0\u1edbt ” nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh oxy b\u00ean trong hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i pin VRLA l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Khi so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i pin c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a pin gel cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Pin AGM c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf b\u00ean trong th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady pin AGM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea3i cao. [\u0110. Berndt, J Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n 95 (2001) 2]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, trong pin gel, axit li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Do \u0111\u00f3, pin gel kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng axit. Nh\u00ecn chung, ch\u00fang \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng theo chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00f4 gel cao c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, trong khi v\u1edbi pin AGM cao ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u1eb1m ngang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch kho\u1ea3ng 30 cm.
    Trong ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u00f3 gel, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft oxy ph\u1ea3i bao quanh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch. Ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1ch polyme \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n oxy v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do m\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh oxy b\u00ean trong th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n trong pin gel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    M\u1ed9t l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb che b\u1edfi gel. C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 cho t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a n\u00e0y l\u00e0 10 A \/ 100 Ah trong pin AGM v\u00e0 1,5A \/ 100Ah trong pin gel. D\u00f2ng s\u1ea1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra nh\u01b0 trong pin th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i, v\u00ec pin axit-ch\u00ec VR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, 1A \/ 100 Ah, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u1edf 2,4V tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i cell. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh oxy b\u00ean trong trong pin gel th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf l\u00e0 pin gel \u00edt nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p qu\u00e1 cao.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Pin gel c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tho\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o AGM. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi gel t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 pin AGM (6V \/ 68Ah), c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Rusch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y b\u00e1o c\u00e1o [ https:\/\/www.baebatariesusa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Undilities- S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t-Th\u1ef1c-S\u1ef1-Gi\u1eefa-Gel-AGM-Pin-Rusch-2007.pdf]<\/a> . Sau khi l\u00e0m l\u00e3o h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o pin b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang m\u1ea5t \u0111i 10% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ea1c \u1edf 2,6 volt cho m\u1ed7i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Pin gel c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 1,5-2,0 A trong khi pin AGM c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 8-10 A (t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t g\u1ea5p s\u00e1u l\u1ea7n).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a pin AGM l\u00e0 100\u00baC, trong khi c\u1ee7a phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n gel v\u1eabn d\u01b0\u1edbi 50\u00baC. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a pin gel c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 50\u00baC m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nguy c\u01a1 tho\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gi\u1eef cho t\u1ea5m \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    T\u00edn d\u1ee5ng: https:\/\/www.baebatariesusa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Undilities-The-Real-Differences-Between-Gel-AGM-Bataries-Rusch-2007.pdf<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Pin AGM th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u1eeb 30 \u0111\u1ebfn 40 cm. N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m cao h\u01a1n, th\u00ec pin AGM s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng trong pin gel, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n chi\u1ec1u cao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gel t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u cao t\u1ea5m 1000 mm (1 m\u00e9t) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.
    Pin AGM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao, th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin AGM cao h\u01a1n cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi pin gel \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi Van. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gel \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho th\u1eddi gian ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng VRLA (OGiV) c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n cho th\u1eddi gian b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u ng\u1eafn. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \u1ede t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 10 ph\u00fat, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n 30% so v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng gel VRLA (OPzV), trong khi \u1edf th\u1eddi gian x\u1ea3 l\u00e2u h\u01a1n (tr\u00ean 30 ph\u00fat), thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf OPzV gel VR d\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng cho nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng h\u01a1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f4 la. \u1ede t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 3 gi\u1edd, OPzV cho c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n 15% tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f4 la. Trong khu v\u1ef1c t\u1eeb 3 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn 10 gi\u1edd, OPzS h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 20% tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f4 la so v\u1edbi pin OPzV, trong khi \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb 30 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ebfn 100 ph\u00fat, OPzS h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i $ d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng VRLA gel d\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng (OPzV).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"N\u0103ng\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \u201cChu tr\u00ecnh oxy b\u00ean trong\u201d trong pin AGM l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Trong m\u1ed9t \u00f4 ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c kh\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Nh\u01b0ng trong pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng van, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai t\u1ea5m. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o VR, oxy ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd \u0111i qua c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00e3o h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a AGM (ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t trong ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u00f3 tr\u1ed9n keo) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00ec trong b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u00f4x\u00edt ch\u00ec. \u00d4x\u00edt ch\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00e1i l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn v\u1edbi axit sunfuric v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ch\u00ec<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Trong khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o VRLA, axit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y theo s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.
    Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n d\u01b0 th\u1eeba (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quay v\u00f2ng. Khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chu tr\u00ecnh (khi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1edfi h\u01a1n 96% l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng), chu tr\u00ecnh oxy ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 96%, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh oxy t\u0103ng l\u00ean, do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Kh\u00ed oxy v\u00e0 ion H + \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c pin VR (Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng A) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i qua c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00e3o h\u00f2a c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch AGM ho\u1eb7c qua c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 khe n\u1ee9t trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5m \u00e2m, n\u01a1i n\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh PbO, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh PbSO4. N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y (Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng B) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    (Trong pin axit-ch\u00ec ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n kh\u00ed n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 H2 v\u00e0 O2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ea1p chuy\u1ec3n sang ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ea1p c\u00f3 \u00edch, trong khi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng chu tr\u00ecnh oxy. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, thay v\u00ec tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a theo chu k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00f3ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1ea1c.)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    PbSO 4<\/sub> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh Pb v\u00e0 H 2<\/sub> SO 4<\/sub> (Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng C)<\/strong> theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ion hydro do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>

    C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>

    \u1ede t\u1ea5m d\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/p>

    2H 2<\/sub> O \u2192 4H +<\/sup> + O 2<\/sub> \u2191 + 4e –<\/sup> (A)<\/p>

    \u1ede b\u1ea3n \u00e2m:<\/p>

    2Pb + O 2<\/sub> + 2H 2<\/sub> SO 4<\/sub> \u2192 2PbSO 4<\/sub> + 2H 2<\/sub> O + Nhi\u1ec7t (B)<\/p>

    2PbSO 4<\/sub> + 4H +<\/sup> + 4e\u2212 \u2192 2Pb + 2 H 2<\/sub> SO 4<\/sub> (C)<\/p>

    N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n qua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n.<\/p>

    C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh chu tr\u00ecnh oxy. C\u00e1ch sau l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t \u0111i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 s\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a pin, gi\u00fap pin kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Pin VRLA, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng pin VRLA ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u00e1i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p oxy hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 100% v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p oxy 100% c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong mu\u1ed1n, v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i t\u1ea5m \u00e2m. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a hydro v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong pin axit-ch\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o VRLA.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a hai ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c – th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u00e2m – c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y. \u0110i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf thu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00e2m h\u01a1n) \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t [MJ Weighall in Rand, DAJ; Moseley, PT; Garche. Ch\u1eef J; Parker, CD (Eds.) \u1eaec quy axit-ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng van, Elsevier, New York, 2004, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6, trang 177].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"S\u1ea1c\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    T\u00edn d\u1ee5ng: B\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 PG Balakrishnan<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch T\u1ea5m k\u00ednh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p oxy. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch AGM c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cao v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 trung b\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y axit l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n oxy cao h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u00e1ch AGM c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 x\u01a1 m\u1ecbn cao ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y t\u00e1ch AGM lai c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, x\u01a1 h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa pin AGM v\u00e0 pin d\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Pin AGM lu\u00f4n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1eeb 1,2 mm \u0111\u1ebfn 3,0 mm t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda (SLI) hay m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u0129nh. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u0129nh. Nh\u01b0ng pin h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 4 mm \u0111\u1ebfn 8 mm. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft, pin t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u0129nh.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    Trong pin AGM, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch AGM. Do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tr\u00e0n ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0103n m\u00f2n, axit sunfuric lo\u00e3ng. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, pin AGM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0o, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb l\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng pin d\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 d\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong pin AGM.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    \u1eaec quy AGM ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eeda k\u00edn v\u1edbi van x\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chu tr\u00ecnh oxy v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o pin n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng pin h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng ra kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed5 sung n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    Do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng pin AGM kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, v\u00ec lo\u1ea1i pin n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t do chu tr\u00ecnh oxy b\u00ean trong. Pin AGM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 40\u00baC, trong khi lo\u1ea1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi 50\u00baC.<\/p>

    S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m trong m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u1ed5i \u1edf 2,30 V tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u00f4 (OCV = 2,15 V)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNg\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc - M\u1edbi<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNg\u1eadp l\u1ee5t - Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110\u00e3 t\u0103ng - M\u1edbi<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh - Cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAGM - M\u1edbi<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAGM - Cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPh\u00e2n c\u1ef1c t\u1ea5m d\u01b0\u01a1ng (mV)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t80<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t80<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t90<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t120<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t125 (\u0111\u1ebfn 175)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t210<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPh\u00e2n c\u1ef1c t\u1ea5m \u00e2m (mV)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t70<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t70<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t60<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t30<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t25<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0 (\u0111\u1ebfn -25) sunfat)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Ph\u00e2n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    Ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ba lo\u1ea1i pin
    IEC<\/a> 60 896-22 c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 350 ng\u00e0y \u1edf 60 \u00b0 C ho\u1eb7c 290 ng\u00e0y \u1edf 62,8 \u00b0 C.
    Ki\u1ec3m tra tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd \u1edf 62,8\u00baC theo IEEE 535 – 1986<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlo\u1ea1i pin<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNg\u00e0y \u1edf 62,8\u00baC<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tC\u00e1c n\u0103m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf 20\u00baC<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOGi (T\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t425<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t33.0<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOPzV (VR h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t450<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t34.8<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOPzS (H\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t550<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t42.6<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t

    Pin AGM k\u00e9o d\u00e0i bao l\u00e2u?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i pin n\u00e0o. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u201cpin AGM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m\u201d, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a pin c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    v\u00ed d\u1ee5, cho d\u00f9 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hay n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo chu k\u1ef3. Theo c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a phao, pin li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c n\u1ed5i \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cung c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh (V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Pin t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, pin UPS, v.v., c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng n\u0103m). Nh\u01b0ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p pin k\u00e9o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, pin b\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u00e2u l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 80% v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 6 gi\u1edd, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd s\u1ebd ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t

    Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a pin AGM ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/strong>
    \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a pin ax\u00edt ch\u00ec l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n (v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1ea1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb), qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4 x\u1ea3y ra nhanh h\u01a1n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd s\u1edbm. S\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a. \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (theo c\u1ea3 chi\u1ec1u ngang v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc) c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Arrhenius, \u1edf d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 10oC (gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p n\u1ed5i
    h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 [Piyali Som v\u00e0 Joe Szymborski, Proc. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb pin h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 13 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng & Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1998, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Bang California, Long Beach, CA trang 285-290]
    H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Gia t\u1ed1c Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng = 2 ((T-25)) \/ 10)
    H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Gia t\u1ed1c Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng = 2 ((45-25) \/ 10) = 2 (20) \/ 10) = 22 = 4
    H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Gia t\u1ed1c Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng = 2 ((45-20) \/ 10) = 2 (25) \/ 10) = 22,5 = 5,66
    H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Gia t\u1ed1c Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng = 2 ((68,2-25) \/ 10) = 2 (43,2) \/ 10) = 24,32 = 19,97
    H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gia t\u1ed1c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng = 2 ((68,2-20) \/ 10) = 2 (48,2) \/ 10) = 24,82 = 28,25<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    Pin ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 45\u00baC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e0 \u0111i nhanh h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 25% tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u1edf 25\u00baC.
    Pin ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 68,2\u00baC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e0 \u0111i nhanh h\u01a1n 19,97 l\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd g\u1ea5p 20 l\u1ea7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 25\u00baC. Pin ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 68,2\u00baC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e0 \u0111i nhanh h\u01a1n 28,2 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u1edf 20\u00baC.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t

    Ki\u1ec3m tra tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd nhanh v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a pin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf 20\u00baC<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf 25\u00baC<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf 68,2\u00baC<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tG\u1ea5p 28,2 l\u1ea7n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tG\u1ea5p 20 l\u1ea7n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf 45\u00baC<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tG\u1ea5p 5,66 l\u1ea7n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tG\u1ea5p 4 l\u1ea7n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd phao d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a pin VRLA l\u00e0 h\u01a1n 8 n\u0103m \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m gia t\u1ed1c, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.
    V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a 12V VRLA (Delphi) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1edfi RD Brost. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn 80% DOD \u1edf 30, 40 v\u00e0 50\u00baC. Pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 100% \u1edf 2 gi\u1edd sau m\u1ed7i 25 chu k\u1ef3 \u1edf 25\u00baC \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 \u1edf 30\u00baC l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 475 trong khi, s\u1ed1 chu k\u1ef3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 360 v\u00e0 135, \u1edf 40\u00baC v\u00e0 50\u00baC, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. [Ron D. Brost, Proc. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb pin h\u00e0ng n\u0103m th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California, Long Beach, 1998, trang 25-29]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Nhi\u1ec7t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    T\u00edn d\u1ee5ng: [Ron D. Brost, Pro. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb pin h\u00e0ng n\u0103m th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California, Long Beach, 1998, trang 25-29]<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    AGM \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u x\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a pin<\/strong>
    V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a axit-ch\u00ec k\u00edn c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u x\u1ea3 (DOD). \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u x\u1ea3 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a pin. Khi pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y, DOD l\u00e0 0%. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi pin \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3 100%, DOD l\u00e0 100%. Khi DOD l\u00e0 60 %, SOC l\u00e0 40 %. 100 – SOC t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng% = DOD t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng%<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    S\u1ed1 chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \/ s\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin VR \u1edf 25 \u00b0 C li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0:
    150-200 chu k\u1ef3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u x\u1ea3 100% (x\u1ea3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9)
    400 – 500 chu k\u1ef3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u x\u1ea3 50% (ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9)
    1000 + chu k\u1ef3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u x\u1ea3 30% (x\u1ea3 c\u1ea1n)
    Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh phao th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 4 ho\u1eb7c 5 n\u0103m (l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 10 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng Hawker Cyclon) ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb 200 \u0111\u1ebfn 1000 chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ea1c \/ x\u1ea3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u x\u1ea3 trung b\u00ecnh. [B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Sandia SAND2004-3149, th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2004]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    S\u1ed1 pin AGM trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng AGM pin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p
    400 chu k\u1ef3 khi x\u1ea3 80%
    600 chu k\u1ef3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c x\u1ea3 50%
    1500 chu k\u1ef3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c x\u1ea3 30%<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a Pin VRLA<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\u1ea2nh\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    T\u00edn d\u1ee5ng: [RV Biagetti, IC Baeringer, FJ Chiacchio, AG Cannone, JJ Kelley, JB Ockerman v\u00e0 AJ Salkind,, Intelec 1994, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 16, th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1994, Vancouver, BC., Canada, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn b\u1edfi AG Cannone , AJ Salkind v\u00e0 FA Trumbore, Proc. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb pin h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 13 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California, Long Beach, 1998, trang 271-278.]<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    H\u00ecnh b\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a hai pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m pin v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u1eb1m ngang. \u1ede v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1p xe di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nhanh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi \u0111\u1ea1p xe theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy gi\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 nhanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p xe theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ngang cho tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. H\u00ecnh b\u00ean l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a \u00d4 s\u1ed1 52 g\u1ed3m 11 \u0111\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ngang, d\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngang.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    T\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1y theo chu k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt \/ s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 s\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf 2,4 V v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt \/ s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf 3 gi\u1edd 0,3 A. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc chu k\u1ef3 th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng 78, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c th\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i trong 4 ng\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi chu tr\u00ecnh ngang, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1p xe theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u00ed gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi \u0111\u1ea1p xe trong khi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. Khi \u0111\u1ea1p xe ngang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00ed phao k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian s\u1ea1c) s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u0103ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea1p xe theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1ea1c \/ phao l\u00ean tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd pin <\/strong><\/p>

    \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p phao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u1eabn nhau. H\u00ecnh<\/strong> cho th\u1ea5y tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a pin VR GNB Absolyte IIP \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau. Gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a phao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a pin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Hi\u1ec7u\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    T\u00edn d\u1ee5ng: [Piyali Som v\u00e0 Joe Szymborski, Proc. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb pin h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 13 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng & Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1998, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Bang California, Long Beach, CA trang 285-290<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Wagner \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ba ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c nhau cho pin theo chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1ea1c cao h\u01a1n (ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 14,4 V CV) cho tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hao h\u1ee5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y. S\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a pin Drysafe Multicraft (12 V, 25 Ah5)
    25\u00baC; C \/ 5 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee9 sau 50 chu k\u1ef3; x\u1ea3: 5 A \u0111\u1ebfn 10,2 V; s\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n trong h\u00ecnh<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"S\u1ea1c\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    T\u00edn d\u1ee5ng: [R. Wagner, J. Power Sources 53 (1995) 153-162]<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung thi\u1ebfc v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p kim l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong pin VRLA<\/strong> <\/p>

    Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung thi\u1ebfc v\u00e0o ch\u00ec nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin xe \u0111\u1ea1p c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0m t\u1eeb kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf thi\u1ebfc (0,3\u20130,6% tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng) l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ec nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng canxi 0,07% v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfc 0,7% cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd n\u1ed5i. [HK Giess, J Power Sources 53 (1995) 31-43]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a pin<\/strong>
    Duy tr\u00ec pin trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a pin. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd l\u00e0
    M\u1ed9t. V\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i
    b. Ph\u00ed d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 (Ph\u00ed c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng)
    C. Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i, v.v.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 SOP \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh h\u00e3ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ngay sau khi pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ho\u1eb7c trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3. D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00e0ng v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c s\u1edbm h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t k\u00e9m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t th\u00ec tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a \u1eafc quy c\u00e0ng cao.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    AGM v\u00e0 pin ng\u1eadp - nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Pin AGM r\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u1eafc quy b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb b\u00e1m b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 phun axit trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0103n m\u00f2n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.
    Pin AGM v\u00e0 pin ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc (t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1eeb 1,2 mm \u0111\u1ebfn 3,0 mm t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, cho d\u00f9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda (SLI) hay m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u0129nh. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Trong pin AGM, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch. Do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tr\u00e0n ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0103n m\u00f2n, axit sunfuric lo\u00e3ng. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, pin AGM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0o, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb l\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng pin b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp c\u00f3 d\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o AGM. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh (OCV) c\u1ee7a pin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    C\u00f3 quy t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong>
    OCV = Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang + 0,84 cho c\u00e1c \u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n<\/strong>
    Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang = OCV – 0,84<\/strong>
    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin 12 V\u00f4n, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i chia OCV c\u1ee7a pin cho 6 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4 OCV.<\/strong>
    OCV c\u1ee7a pin = 13,2 V<\/strong>
    Do \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4 OCV = 13,3 \/ 6 = 2,2 V<\/strong>
    Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang = 2,2 V – 0,84 = 1,36<\/strong>
    Do \u0111\u00f3 Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u00e0 1.360<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \u1eaec quy AGM ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eeda k\u00edn v\u1edbi van x\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chu tr\u00ecnh oxy v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o pin n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng pin ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng ra kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed5 sung n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng pin AGM kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i pin n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t do chu tr\u00ecnh oxy b\u00ean trong. Pin AGM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 40\u00baC, trong khi lo\u1ea1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi 50\u00baC.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    T\u1ea5m k\u00ednh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 pin AGM - c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5? L\u00e0m sao? T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5m? Th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch \u0110HC\u0110<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
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    Th\u1ea3m th\u1ee7y tinh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 (AGM) l\u00e0 t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t cho lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong pin \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh van (VR). AGM ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n (g\u1ea5p s\u00e1u l\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u00edch bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3) v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p cao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, pin kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau hao.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh vi m\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y t\u00e1ch AGM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong h\u00ecnh. Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung ch\u1ea3y trong l\u00f2 nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 1000\u00baC. Sau \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ee7y tinh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng l\u00f3t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh th\u00f4 s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0i tr\u0103m micron. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i m\u1ecbn (0,1 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 \u03bcm) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea3m th\u1ee7y tinh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 AGM cho pin axit-ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng van l\u00e0 pha tr\u1ed9n hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i v\u1edbi nhau trong m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch axit.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i xu\u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 2 mm v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y v\u00f4 t\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t roto-c\u1ef1u (m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y v\u00f4 t\u1eadn). T\u1ea5m c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n khi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat \u0111i; sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng phuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t \u01b0\u1edbt d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ee3i t\u1ea5m AGM t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 k\u00eanh \u0111o theo h\u01b0\u1edbng z (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m) l\u1edbn h\u01a1n (10 \u0111\u1ebfn 25 \u03bcm, 90% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7) so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 trong m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng x v\u00e0 y (2 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 \u03bcm). C\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 5% l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn t\u1eeb 30 \u0111\u1ebfn 100 \u03bcm (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea1nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy gi\u1ea3m ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t AGM l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh trong m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 axit h\u00f3a. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p s\u1ee3i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. T\u1ea5m chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n n\u00f3ng. \u1ede cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m kh\u00f4, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m chi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1edbi 1% tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb roto-c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c t\u1edd AGM.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"S\u1ea3n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Roto\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
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    d. C\u00e1c d\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 quanh co, v\u1edbi \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng. Nh\u01b0ng AGM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t \u01b0\u1edbt v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh vi m\u00f4 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p cao v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1. [Ken Peters, J. Power Sources 42 (1993) 155-164]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch \u0110HC\u0110 l\u00e0:
    t\u00f4i. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t True (BET) (m2 \/ g)
    ii. \u0110\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p (%)
    iii. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng trung b\u00ecnh (\u03bcm)
    iv. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y khi n\u00e9n (mm)
    v. Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p (g \/ m2) (tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1edd AGM tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng)
    vi. Chi\u1ec1u cao nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y (mm) (Chi\u1ec1u cao m\u00e0 c\u1ed9t axit \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng AGM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m trong axit)
    vii. S\u1ee9c c\u0103ng<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch \u0110HC\u0110 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong b\u1ea3ng sau:<\/p>

    Tham kh\u1ea3o W. B<\/em> \u04e6hnstedt<\/em> , J Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n 78 (1999) 35\u201340<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tB\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tg \/ m2<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t200<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t93-95<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tK\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng trung b\u00ecnh<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u03bcm<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t5-10<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u1edf 10kPa<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmm<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1.3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u1edf 30kPa<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmm<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1.0<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ee7ng (N)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tn<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t7.5<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t

    Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch pin AGM<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    Tham kh\u1ea3o: Ken Peters, J. Power Sources 42<\/em> (1993) 155-164<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tB\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDi\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS\u1ee3i th\u00f4<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tm2 \/ g<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0.6<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS\u1ee3i m\u1ecbn<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tm2 \/ g<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2,0 \u0111\u1ebfn 2,6<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tK\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS\u1ee3i th\u00f4<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u03bcm<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t45<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS\u1ee3i m\u1ecbn<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u03bcm<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t14<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t

    Chi\u1ec1u cao b\u1ea5c c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch pin AGM<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tChi\u1ec1u cao nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y, axit tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang 1.300<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tX\u01a1 th\u00f4 (0,5 m2 \/ g)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS\u1ee3i m\u1ecbn (2,6 m2 \/ g)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1 ph\u00fat<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmm<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t42<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t33<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t5 ph\u00fat<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmm<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t94<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t75<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1 gi\u1edd<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmm<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t195<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t220<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2 gi\u1edd<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmm<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t240<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t370<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10 gi\u1edd<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmm<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t360<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t550<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t

    Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch AGM \u01b0u ti\u00ean<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    Ghi ch\u00fa:
    1. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh s\u1ee3i t\u0103ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p c\u0169ng t\u0103ng.
    2. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh s\u1ee3i t\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o gi\u1ea3m.
    3. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh s\u1ee3i t\u0103ng, chi ph\u00ed gi\u1ea3m.
    4. L\u1edbp s\u1ee3i th\u00f4 s\u1ebd b\u1ea5c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u cao h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t nhanh<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    5. Ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 m\u1ecbn h\u01a1n s\u1ebd mang axit \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1eadm
    B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n (v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh m\u1ecbn h\u01a1n) trong m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00e1ch AGM nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 m\u1ecbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a gi\u1ea3m \u0111i m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng trung b\u00ecnh c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 th\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5c c\u1ee7a AGM nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp [AL Ferreira, J Power Sources 78 (1999) 41\u201345].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    L\u1edbp s\u1ee3i th\u00f4 s\u1ebd b\u1ea5c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u cao h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t nhanh, trong khi l\u1edbp s\u1ee3i m\u1ecbn h\u01a1n s\u1ebd mang axit l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1eadm. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau. Nh\u1edd c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea5c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, quy tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea7y pin VRLA ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m cao v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt. Chi\u1ec1u cao t\u1ed1i \u0111a sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf th\u00ec chi\u1ec1u cao b\u1ea5c c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    L\u1ef1c mao d\u1eabn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 trong, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, kho\u1ea3ng 80% \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1 \u03bcm so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 24 \u03bcm trong m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng z v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p 2 \u03bcm trong hai m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, axit l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m (l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf) tr\u01b0\u1edbc (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m). Sau \u0111\u00f3, AGM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 t\u00edch tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0a AGM \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c b\u00e3o h\u00f2a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u201c\u0111\u1ea9y\u201d ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n ra ngo\u00e0i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c k\u00eanh kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n oxy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t

    Pin AGM, so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa pin AGM, ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc & gel<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSI. Kh\u00f4ng.<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tB\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNg\u1eadp<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAGM VR<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng VR<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tV\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPb \/ PbO2 \/ H2SO4<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPb \/ PbO2 \/ H2SO4<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPb \/ PbO2 \/ H2SO4<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCh\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n (Axit sunfuric lo\u00e3ng)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNg\u1eadp tr\u00e0n, d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tH\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch Mat th\u1ee7y tinh (AGM) h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tC\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o keo v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t silica m\u1ecbn<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1ea5m<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM\u1ecfng - v\u1eeba<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTrung bi\u0340nh<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD\u00e0y<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS\u1ed1 t\u1ea5m (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin c\u00f9ng dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPh\u1ea7n l\u1edbn<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tH\u01a1n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00cdt nh\u1ea5t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t5<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tB\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110\u00fang<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKh\u00f4ng<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKh\u00f4ng<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 axit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110\u00fang<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKh\u00f4ng<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKh\u00f4ng<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t7<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o cao<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR\u1ea5t cao<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTrung bi\u0340nh<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t8<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tb\u00ean ngo\u00e0i pin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m v\u00e0 phun ra b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt axit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKh\u00f4ng<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKh\u00f4ng<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t10<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD\u1ea5u ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPE ho\u1eb7c PVC ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u polyme n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTh\u1ea3m th\u1ee7y tinh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 (AGM)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPE ho\u1eb7c PVC ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u polyme n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t11<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKh\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tStoichimetrically tr\u00fat v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT\u00e1i t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p (chu tr\u00ecnh oxy b\u00ean trong)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT\u00e1i t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p (chu tr\u00ecnh oxy b\u00ean trong)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t12<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tvan x\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p. M\u1edf l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110\u00fang. Van \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110\u00fang. Van \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t13<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKh\u00e1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTrung bi\u0340nh<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTh\u1ea5p<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCao<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t14<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDOD an to\u00e0n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t50%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t80%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t80%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t15<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tL\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tV\u00c2NG<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t16<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPh\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao (C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT\u1ed1t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTrung bi\u0340nh<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t17<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110\u1ea1p xe s\u00e2u<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT\u1ed1t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tt\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tr\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t18<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTr\u1ecb gi\u00e1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTh\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTrung bi\u0340nh<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCao<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t19<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS\u1ea1c<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tB\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tC\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tC\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t20<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1ea1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a (pin 12v<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t16,5 V<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t14,4 V<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t14,4 V<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t21<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tB\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i (CV) ho\u1eb7c CC-CV<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t22<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT\u00ednh ph\u00ed qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t23<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKh\u00f4ng t\u1ec7<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT\u1ed1t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t24<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tS\u1ea1c nhanh<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTrung bi\u0340nh<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tR\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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    Quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 pin AGM<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
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    S\u1ea1c v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c
    Quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m -1
    C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea1c pin agm b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng – Sai<\/strong><\/p>

    T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i pin \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ea1c d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng (ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y) th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.
    \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00e1o pin ra kh\u1ecfi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ea1c ri\u00eang, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ea1c d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Pin AGM kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef s\u1ea1c: <\/strong>
    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong>
    t\u00f4i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong pin ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cu\u1ed1i s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, 16,5 V \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin 12 V.
    ii. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00ean kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c.
    iii. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang trong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.
    iv. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf cadimi tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y, s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ebf cadimi n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 2,40 \u0111\u1ebfn 2,45 V v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m \u00e2m, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 0,2 v \u0111\u1ebfn – 0,22 v<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    pin agm kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1c: <\/strong>
    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin VRLA AGM:<\/strong>
    t\u00f4i. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t 14,4 V (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin 12 V)
    ii. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac s\u1ea1c s\u1ebd v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 mA m\u1ed7i Ah (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 0,20 A \u0111\u1ebfn 0,4 A \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin 100 Ah
    Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cu\u1ed1i s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin 12 V kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa pin b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 pin VR.
    \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1ea1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 16,5 V \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin 12 V ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong khi ch\u1ec9 14,4 V \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin VR (c\u1ea3 pin AGM v\u00e0 pin t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    N\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea1c pin VR, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n 14,4 V. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra n\u00f3, pin s\u1ebd n\u00f3ng l\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 sau pin n\u00f3ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a s\u1ebd ph\u1ed3ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb n\u1ed5 n\u1ebfu van x\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a pin kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed oxy d\u01b0 th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi d\u00f2ng s\u1ea1c cao h\u01a1n. V\u1ed1n d\u0129, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t (sinh nhi\u1ec7t). D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tho\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, pin ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 16,5 V cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u00e0o l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 50\u00baC.
    B\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c d\u00e0nh cho pin VRLA l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/strong> . h\u1ecd \u0111ang
    M\u1ed9t. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i- \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i (CC-CV)
    ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0
    b. B\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i (CV).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Trong khi s\u1ea1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin 12V, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn d\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1eeb 13,8 \u0111\u1ebfn 14,4 V cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y. V\u00ec pin VR AGM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u00e0o, n\u00ean d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 0,4C ampe; nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea1c nhanh, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 5C A). \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec th\u1eddi gian s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 12 \u0111\u1ebfn 24 gi\u1edd cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y. \u1ede ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CC-CV, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i trong kho\u1ea3ng 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 6 gi\u1edd, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u1ea7n ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 pin ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 50%, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CC s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 gi\u1edd v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CV. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 100% tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CC s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 6 gi\u1edd v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CV<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 pin AGM 2<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Thay pin AGM ho\u1eb7c pin gel c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 thay pin ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay pin dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f2n tr\u1ed1ng.
    Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c xe g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: GM) c\u00f3 m\u00f4-\u0111un c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn pin tr\u00ean c\u00e1p pin \u00e2m. Ford c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t pin (BMS). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u00e9t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i pin n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf b\u00ean trong th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n do c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c d\u00e1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i, m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c cho pin m\u1edbi v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn pin h\u1ecfng ngay sau khi thay th\u1ebf.
    V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafp pin AGM thay cho pin OEM. \u1eaec quy \u00f4 t\u00f4 AGM s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho xe t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ampe l\u1ea1nh (CCA).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y: <\/strong>
    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong>
    t\u00f4i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong pin ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cu\u1ed1i s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, 16,5 V \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin 12 V.
    ii. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00ean kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c.
    iii. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang trong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.
    iv. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf cadimi tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y, s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ebf cadimi n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 2,40 \u0111\u1ebfn 2,45 V v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m \u00e2m, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 0,2 v \u0111\u1ebfn – 0,22 v<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea1c pin AGM b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea1c pin AGM VR, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n 14,4 V. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, pin s\u1ebd n\u00f3ng l\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 sau pin n\u00f3ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a s\u1ebd ph\u1ed3ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb n\u1ed5 n\u1ebfu van x\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a pin kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed oxy d\u01b0 th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi d\u00f2ng s\u1ea1c cao h\u01a1n. V\u1ed1n d\u0129, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t (sinh nhi\u1ec7t). D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00eam tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u00eam nhi\u1ec7t cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tho\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea1c pin AGM.<\/p>

    Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m theo quy tr\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 pin VRLA, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i (TV) v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 30 ph\u00fat. Khi TV \u0111\u1ea1t 14,4 V, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 TV kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 14,4 V. Khi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (2 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 mA tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i Ah dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin), qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u1ee7a pin v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean TV, c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 45\u00baC.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t pin AGM?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    C\u00f3, n\u1ebfu x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p gi\u1ed1ng nhau.
    T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 pin ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 pin AGM l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau. Ch\u1ec9, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 trong AGM. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 pin n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng pin AGM trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho m\u1ed9t trong hai pin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    L\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i c\u00f3 pin AGM hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    • Ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 xem b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh in l\u1ee5a n\u00e0o cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 pin VRLA. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 pin AGM.<\/li>
    • N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y sau khi th\u00e1o c\u00e1c ph\u00edch c\u1eafm th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 pin AGM<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      • Bi\u1ec3n t\u00ean ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n in l\u1ee5a tr\u00ean h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng pin ho\u1eb7c S\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7u pin xem c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch b\u00e1o m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p ch\u1ee9a pin. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ea5u n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 ba (l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i, m\u1eaft th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n), \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 pin AGM.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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        C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian. Pin ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00e0 sau th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 2 ng\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p h\u1edf m\u1ea1ch (OCV).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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        N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb OCV t\u1eeb 12,50 \u0111\u1ebfn 12,75 V th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pin b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp
        N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb OCV t\u1eeb 13,00 \u0111\u1ebfn 13,20 V th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 pin VRLA (dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng< 24 Ah)
        N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb OCV t\u1eeb 12,80 \u0111\u1ebfn 12,90 V th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 pin VRLA (dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2265 24 Ah)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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        Nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 1.250. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin VRLA c\u00f3 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 24Ah v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 1.360 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin VRLA c\u00f3 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 1.300<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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        L\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft pin AGM c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i k\u00e9m? pin agm kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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        • Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0103n m\u00f2n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, pin X\u1ea4U<\/li>
        • \u0110o OCV c\u1ee7a pin. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 11,5 V, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 BAD. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y xem b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra ng\u00e0y g\u1eedi ho\u1eb7c cung c\u1ea5p. N\u1ebfu pin c\u0169 h\u01a1n 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 n\u0103m, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 X\u1ea4U.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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          • B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, pin n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p DC t\u1eeb 20 \u0111\u1ebfn 24 V tr\u1edf l\u00ean (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin 12 V). S\u1ea1c pin trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd, ngh\u1ec9 15 ph\u00fat v\u00e0 \u0111o OCV. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ea1c trong 24 gi\u1edd b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea1c pin VR. Sau khi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian ngh\u1ec9 2 gi\u1edd, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u1eafc quy khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n DC ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00e8n kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n cho PC, v.v.). N\u1ebfu pin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p 80% dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1edf l\u00ean th\u00ec pin \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i T\u1ed0T.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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            • N\u1ebfu OCV kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng sau 1 gi\u1edd s\u1ea1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 pin kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ea1c. Pin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 BAD.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              Pin AGM c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng? t\u1ea1i sao pin agm t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              \u0110\u00fang.<\/strong>
              M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a pin cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho AGM g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00ed c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u00edt h\u01a1n, v.v.; chi ph\u00ed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a pin AGM r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p<\/strong> , \u0111\u01b0a chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a pin AGM VR xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi pin ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc.
              \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              Pin AGM c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i cho pin AGM kh\u00f4ng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng, van x\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp trong n\u1eafp c\u1ee7a pin VRLA s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i sau khi x\u1ea3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ee9c. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3 pin VRLA.
              Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p van b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e2ng l\u00ean. N\u1ebfu van kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e2m (NAM) s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, do \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sunfat h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea1c nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt pin AGM kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              \u0110\u00fang.<\/strong>
              Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u1eafc quy AGM \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c tr\u00f4i trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n \/ ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. Khi pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i \u1edf 2,25 \u0111\u1ebfn 2,3 V tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i cell, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf lu\u00f4n ch\u1ea1y qua pin \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho pin lu\u00f4n trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y.
              Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn pin trong kho, th\u00ec m\u1ed7i pin ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ea1c nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt.
              \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1ea1c n\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 2,25 V tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i cell, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i \u1edf m\u1ee9c 100 \u0111\u1ebfn 400 mA tr\u00ean 100 Ah \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin VR AGM. So v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a pin ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 14 mA tr\u00ean 100 Ah, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a pin VR cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh oxy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              [RF Nelson \u1edf Rand, DAJ; Moseley, PT; Garche. Ch\u1eef J; Parker, CD (Eds.) \u1eaec quy axit-ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng van<\/em> , Elsevier, New York, 2004, trang 258].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              Pin agm ch\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o? Pin AGM \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i sinh m\u1ed9t pin agm \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              V\u00e2ng<\/strong> . Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u1ec9 sau khi s\u1ea1c pin m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian.<\/strong> N\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a pin.
              Pin AGM ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i tr\u1edf r\u1ea5t cao. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c n\u1ed9i tr\u1edf cao n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c pin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7u ra DC 4 V cho m\u1ed7i cell, v\u1edbi ampe k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 v\u00f4n k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              Trong khi s\u1ea1c pin AGM \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i (TV) s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t cao (cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 18-20 V \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin a12 V) v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu pin c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed3i sinh, TV s\u1ebd t\u1eeb t\u1eeb h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng (g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn 12 V) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ampe k\u1ebf s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng pin c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, TV s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0103ng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac theo c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o l\u00e0 th\u00e1o c\u00e1c van th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eeba. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay van, h\u00e3y s\u1ea1c pin b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i (C \/ 10 ampe) cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao h\u01a1n 15 V (H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3ng van). Cho th\u1eddi gian ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 pin qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ho\u1eb7c b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110o th\u1eddi gian ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 10,5 V trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p pin 12 V). N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111ang cung c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 80% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i sinh. Vui l\u00f2ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba an to\u00e0n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u1ecdi l\u00fac.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t pin AGM \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y? x\u1ea3 pin agm - \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a pin agm<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              Pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y theo chu k\u1ef3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i (TV) l\u00e0 14,4 V (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin 12V). Sau kho\u1ea3ng 48 gi\u1edd ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, TV s\u1ebd \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf 13,2V (n\u1ebfu tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 1,360) (1,360 + 0,84 = 2,20 m\u1ed7i \u00f4. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin 12V, OCV = 2,2 * 6 = 13,2V). N\u1ebfu dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a pin cao h\u01a1n 24Ah, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang s\u1ebd l\u00e0 1.300. Do \u0111\u00f3 OCV \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd l\u00e0 12,84V<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1ea1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho pin AGM 12 v\u00f4n l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              Pin AGM d\u00e0nh cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo chu k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i (ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CV), \u1edf 14,4 \u0111\u1ebfn 14,5 V v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf 0,25 C ampe (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 25 ampe \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin 100 Ah) M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 14,9 V v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf 0,4 C \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo chu k\u1ef3 (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 40 ampe cho pin 100 Ah). [panasonic-battery-vrla-for-professional_interactive Th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2017, tr.22]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn pin AGM b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              Pin ax\u00edt ch\u00ec (VRLA) do van \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh r\u1ebb. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed5i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao) l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a pin. Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sunfua h\u00f3a do ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              \u0102n m\u00f2n, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c
              Trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a pin, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1edbi d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo c\u1ea3 chi\u1ec1u ngang v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n. L\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a pin. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa PAM v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn suy gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng ng\u1eafn b\u00ean trong gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5m d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2y \u0111eo \u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ea1c m\u1ed9t ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \/ pin v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tho\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              L\u00e0m kh\u00f4 (m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc) v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t trong pin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              Pin AGM b\u1ecb kh\u00f4 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do s\u1ea1c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n. Do b\u1ecb kh\u00f4, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tho\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>

              M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 do van b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch sau khi m\u1edf, oxy trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n (kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed) s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 oxy h\u00f3a NAM d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sunfat. C\u00e1c kh\u00ed s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4. Kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p oxy di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao
              t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng axit trong pin AGM<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n axit sulfuric t\u0103ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00f4 cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng. C\u00e1c gradient n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 (‘ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng axit’) x\u1ea3y ra d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng trong ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n, axit sulfuric \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao
              n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ly. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u (v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m), \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb r\u00fat ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c, gi\u00fap khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o VRLA v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 t\u00e1ch AGM l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng axit nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o gel th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng v\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed axit c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong gel kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do di chuy\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              R\u00f2 r\u1ec9 do l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong Pin AGM<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c tay ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 t\u1eeb n\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ee5. N\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady c\u00e1c con d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9. (C\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t). Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c van c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 kh\u00ed ra kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng sau khi c\u00e1c van m\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t nhanh v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t.
              H\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 che r\u00f2 r\u1ec9. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t tr\u00ean th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a. M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng axit nh\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh xung quanh v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a mao d\u1eabn. N\u1ebfu m\u00e0ng axit ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tho\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u00e2y ch\u00e1y [panasonic-battery-vrla-for-professional_interactive March 2017, p. 25].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              \u0102n m\u00f2n thanh nh\u00f3m \u00e2m trong pin AGM<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i thanh nh\u00f3m v\u1edbi v\u1ea5u t\u1ea5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. H\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a thanh nh\u00f3m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa thanh nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 v\u1ea5u t\u1ea5m c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              Pin AGM 12 volt s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc g\u00ec khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              Khi \u0111ang s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u1edf ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian s\u1ea1c, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i (TV) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc 14.4 cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y.
              \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p h\u1edf m\u1ea1ch (OCV) s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb t\u1eeb v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh sau kho\u1ea3ng 48 gi\u1edd \u1edf OCV \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c, theo ngh\u0129a OCV ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u.
              OCV c\u1ee7a pin = 13,2V n\u1ebfu tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 1,360. N\u1ebfu tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u00e0 1.300 OCV s\u1ebd l\u00e0 12.84V<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t pin AGM trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u00f4 t\u00f4 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              \u0110\u00fang.<\/strong> V\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 h\u1ed9p pin ch\u1ee9a pin m\u1edbi.
              T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i (TV) trong khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c b\u1edfi m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y. TV kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 14,4 V. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng pin \u0111\u00f3 cho chi\u1ebfc xe c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3.
              N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 m\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, pin c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u00e9t.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              T\u1ea1i sao pin AGM l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eaft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              Pin AGM \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n pin ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n pin gel.
              Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do sau \u0111\u00e2y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed:
              t\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/strong>
              (a) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i v\u00e0o pin AGM \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n. H\u1ee3p kim ch\u00ec-canxi \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim antimon th\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ee3p kim n\u00e0y t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb ch\u00ec ch\u00ednh. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebfc trong h\u1ee3p kim l\u01b0\u1edbi d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t. Thi\u1ebfc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam t\u1eeb 0,7 \u0111\u1ebfn 1,5% trong h\u1ee3p kim l\u01b0\u1edbi d\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u1ebfc v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2020 l\u00e0 1650 Rs (LME 17545 USD \/ t\u1ea5n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 10-7-2020).
              (b) T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 oxit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb ch\u00ec ch\u00ednh 4Nines (99,99%), \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam chi ph\u00ed.
              (c) \u0110HC\u0110 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              (d) Axit \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c tinh khi\u1ebft h\u01a1n axit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong pin th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.
              (e) Nh\u1ef1a ABS \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n.
              (f) C\u00e1c van ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.
              (g) H\u1ee3p kim COS c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n
              ii. Chi ph\u00ed x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/strong>
              (a) C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e9n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u00e1c \u00f4.
              (b) Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ea1p axit ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbp l\u1ea1nh
              (c) Pin AGM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quay v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n
              (d) Khu v\u1ef1c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ee5i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p.
              \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a pin AGM cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              Pin AGM c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ng\u1eadp axit ch\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              \u0110\u00fang.
              t\u00f4i. Pin AGM kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e0n. Kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi l\u00fac m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i.
              ii. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng rung t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u01b0 xe k\u00e9o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eadp gh\u1ec1nh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed5 g\u00e0.
              iii. V\u00ec pin AGM s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p kim nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tinh khi\u1ebft n\u00ean ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i pin n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi pin b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc.
              iv. Pin AGM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4 (thay v\u00ec l\u1eafp v\u00e0o khoang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00f3ng), do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a pin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              v. Chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a pin AGM th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a pin, chi ph\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 do ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
              vi. Pin AGM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u00f2ng s\u1ea1c cao h\u01a1n v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              Pin chu k\u1ef3 s\u00e2u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 pin AGM kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i pin chu k\u1ef3 s\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 pin AGM.<\/strong>
              Pin chu k\u1ef3 s\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i pin n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 axit-ch\u00ec ho\u1eb7c Li-ion ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t

              Pin chu k\u1ef3 s\u00e2u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

              Pin chu k\u1ef3 s\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng 80% dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Pin y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i sau khi h\u1ebft pin.
              H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm mua \u1eafc quy \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i \u1eafc quy axit-ch\u00ec \u00f4 t\u00f4, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 pin \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y xe \u0111\u1ea1p l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm lo\u1ea1i pin ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u00e0nh cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n.
              Pin AGM c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n \u201cpin chu k\u1ef3 s\u00e2u\u201d ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 pin chu k\u1ef3 s\u00e2u. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i pin nh\u01b0 v\u1eady lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi pin \u00f4 t\u00f4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t

              Pin 12 volt n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc bao nhi\u00eau v\u00f4n?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

              Pin 12 volt n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n 12V n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t.
              B\u1ea3ng sau cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSI. Kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLo\u1ea1i pin<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf (V)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00d4 t\u00f4<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t12,40 \u0111\u1ebfn 12,60<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00d4 t\u00f4<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t12<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPin AGM<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t13,0 \u0111\u1ebfn 13,2<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u1eaec quy c\u00f3 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2264 24Ah. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPin AGM<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t12,7 \u0111\u1ebfn 12,8<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u1eaec quy c\u00f3 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2265 24Ah T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t5<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPin VR t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t12,7 \u0111\u1ebfn 12,8<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPin AGM \/ Pin t\u0103ng \u00e1p<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t12.0<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t7<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPin bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t12,4 \u0111\u1ebfn 12,6<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t8<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPin bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t12<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t

              B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3 pin AGM bao xa?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

              Nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i pin n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, pin 12V AGM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng 10,5V (1,75 V tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i cell) \u1edf d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p (t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 3 gi\u1edd) v\u00e0 cho t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 9,6V (1,6 V m\u1ed7i \u00f4). Ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t nhanh. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cu\u1ed1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t

              Pin AGM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau v\u00f4n?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

              Pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y ( ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo chu k\u1ef3<\/u><\/strong> ) s\u1ebd c\u00f3 TV 14,4 V (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin 12 V). Sau kho\u1ea3ng 48 gi\u1edd ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, TV s\u1ebd \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf 13,2 \u00b1 0,5 V (n\u1ebfu tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 1,360, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin AGM c\u00f3 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00a3 24 Ah) (1,360 + 0,84 = 2,20 tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u00f4. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 12 V pin, OCV = 2,2 * 6 = 13,2 V). <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

              N\u1ebfu dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a pin cao h\u01a1n 24 Ah, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang s\u1ebd l\u00e0 1.300. Do \u0111\u00f3 OCV \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd l\u00e0 12,84 \u00b1 0,5 V.<\/p>

              Pin ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed5i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1ea1c n\u1ed5i<\/u><\/strong> l\u00e0 2,25 \u0111\u1ebfn 2,3 V tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i cell (13,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 13,8 V \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin 12 V). C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 cho \u1edf tr\u00ean. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 12,84 \u00b1 0,5 V.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              Pin AGM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              V\u00e2ng, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng.<\/strong>
              Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5 v\u00ec kh\u00ed r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft Pin VRLA \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng
              N\u1ebfu pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn s\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n \/ UPS kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a pin \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tho\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 pin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5.
              N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch (l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng pin), pin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00ec (\u201cm\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ngu\u1ed9i\u201d), v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 pin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y n\u1ed5 b\u00ean trong ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n pin l\u00e0 do t\u1ea1o ra “Tia l\u1eeda”. Tia l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y n\u1ed5 n\u1ebfu n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed hydro trong pin ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn kho\u1ea3ng 2,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 4,0% th\u1ec3 t\u00edch. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p hydro trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed d\u1ec5 n\u1ed5 l\u00e0 4,1%, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec l\u00fd do an to\u00e0n, hydro kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 2%. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean l\u00e0 74%. M\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 n\u1eb7ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c khi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9a 2 ph\u1ea7n hydro v\u00e0 1 ph\u1ea7n oxy. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi pin ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00edch c\u1eafm th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eb7n ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o v\u1ecf.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ea1c pin AGM?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 pin VRLA ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t trong hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sau:
              M\u1ed9t. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i (CC-CV)
              b. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i (CV)
              N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng CV l\u00e0 2,45 V tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i cell, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n (0,4CA) s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i trong kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng 4 mA \/ Ah sau kho\u1ea3ng 5 gi\u1edd. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1ea1c l\u00e0 2,3 V tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i cell th\u00ec d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n (0,3CA) s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i trong kho\u1ea3ng hai gi\u1edd v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf m\u1ee9c v\u00e0i mA sau kho\u1ea3ng 6 gi\u1edd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 0,1CA, 0,2CA, 0,3CA v\u00e0 0,4CA v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1ea1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 2,25 V, 2,30 V, 2,35, 2,40 Vans 2,45 V D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec th\u1eddi gian c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf m\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf.
              Ngo\u00e0i ra, th\u1eddi gian cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ebd \u00edt h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn cao h\u01a1n.
              Pin VRLA kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u; do \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n s\u1ebd r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              Trong s\u1ea1c CC, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Do \u0111\u00f3, nguy c\u01a1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Khi \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tho\u00e1t kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c CC \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3 ho\u1eb7c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c n\u1ed5i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c CC. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, t\u00ednh ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CV<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              \u01afu v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Pin AGM <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m & Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m <\/strong><\/p>

              THU\u1eacN L\u1ee2I:<\/p>

              Pin 1 AGM \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n cao v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u1ea5m kh\u00f3i v\u00e0 phun axit \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00e9t.
              Pin 2 AGM kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y.
              Pin 3 AGM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1ed9n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf khi l\u1eafp n\u00f3 v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb
              \u1eaec quy 4 AGM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i tr\u00ean \u00f4 t\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafp trong khoang m\u00e1y.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              Pin 5 AGM c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng rung cao do ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng AGM v\u00e0 n\u00e9n. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 \u1ed5 g\u00e0, th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m.
              Pin 6 AGM c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi pin ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u00e0y h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y h\u01a1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o pin ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u00eam t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, do \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c s\u1edbm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              7 V\u00ec pin AGM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t tinh khi\u1ebft trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u1ea1ch n\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cho pin AGM l\u00e0 0,1% m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y trong khi pin ng\u1eadp g\u1ea7n 10 l\u1ea7n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, pin c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i c\u1ea7n s\u1ea1c m\u1edbi \u00edt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n. M\u1ee9c hao h\u1ee5t ch\u1ec9 30% sau 12 th\u00e1ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1edf 25\u00baC v\u00e0 \u1edf 10\u00baC ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 10 %.
              8 Do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              9 S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed hydro trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed5i gi\u1ea3m \u0111i h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 10 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p pin AGM. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng \u1eafc quy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 5 theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n EN 50 272-2.
              10 Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 axit \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c trong ph\u00f2ng pin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              NH\u01af\u1ee2C \u0110I\u1ec2M:<\/strong><\/p>

              1. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a pin t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao h\u01a1n.
              2. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, pin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ed3ng, v\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f4i khi ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5.
              3. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng SPV, pin AGM kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 100%. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t 80-85%. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng sau: H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n SPV t\u1ea1o ra 1000 Wh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, pin AGM s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef 850Wh do s\u1ef1 k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              4. \u00d4xy x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp qua c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 trong th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a, n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1ng l\u00f3t c\u1ef1c l\u00e0m ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m.
              5. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m \u0111i do s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p oxy tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m. Trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m \u00e2m ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p phao \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf.
              6. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb kh\u00f4, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 55 \u00b0 C xu\u1ed1ng 45 \u00b0 C.
              7. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o VRLA kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 axit v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan, do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 pin ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              Pin AGM c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              Kh\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed l\u00e0m m\u1edbi n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/strong> Pin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 12 th\u00e1ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t s\u1ebd \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t pin AGM?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1eafc quy AGM. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t VRLAB tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c s\u1ea1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c phao, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao h\u01a1n t\u1eeb pin, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u00ean s\u1ea1c d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n sau 6 th\u00e1ng (pin c\u0169 h\u01a1n 2 n\u0103m) ho\u1eb7c 12 th\u00e1ng ( pin m\u1edbi). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1ea1c (SOC).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n s\u1ea1c pin AGM m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              N\u00f3i chung, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c pin \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ea5t dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng do t\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean s\u1ea1c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i qua gi\u1eefa ng\u00e0y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \/ ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed. C\u00e1c \u00f4 2 V c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u1edf m\u1ee9c 2,3 \u0111\u1ebfn 2,4 V tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u00f4 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y trong 2 gi\u1edd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              Pin AGM c\u00f3 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              Pin AGM (v\u00e0 pin gel) an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi pin ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea3i ra kh\u00ed hydro (n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t). N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea1c pin AGM, c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean qu\u00e1 50\u00baC v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 14,4 V (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin 12V).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p phao cho pin AGM l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh 2,25 \u0111\u1ebfn 2,30 V tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u00f4 v\u1edbi b\u00f9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 – 3 mV \/ \u00f4 (\u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 25\u00baC).
              \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin chu k\u1ef3, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1ea1c \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CV l\u00e0 2,40 \u0111\u1ebfn 2,45 tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i cell (14,4 \u0111\u1ebfn 14,7 V \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin 12V).
              \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1ea1c n\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 2,25 V tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i cell, pin VRLA c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i l\u00e0 45 mA tr\u00ean 100 Ah do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh oxy, v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 101,3 mW (2,25 * 45). Trong pin ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i l\u00e0 14 mA tr\u00ean 100 Ah, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 31,5 mW (2,25V * 14 mA).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              Do \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i VRLA l\u00e0 h\u01a1n ba l\u1ea7n.<\/p>

              T\u00edn d\u1ee5ng: [RF Nelson \u1edf Rand, DAJ; Moseley, PT; Garche. Ch\u1eef J; Parker, CD (Eds.) \u1eaec quy axit-ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng van<\/em> , Elsevier, New York, 2004, trang 258].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt tr\u00ean pin AGM kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              \u0110\u00fang. Ph\u00ed nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong pin AGM khi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ea3i n\u00e0o.<\/p>

              <\/p>

              <\/p>

              \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o d\u00e0i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd !! Hy v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n th\u00edch n\u00f3!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Pin AGM c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Pin AGM d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft, AGM, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb g\u00ec. Pin AGM d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7: N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Absorbent Glass Mat, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng m\u1ecfng manh, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p cao v\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24976,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[311],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31091","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pin-vrla"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31091","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31091"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31091\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66606,"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31091\/revisions\/66606"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24976"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31091"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31091"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microtexindia.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31091"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}