What is C rate in battery ?
- The capacity of any battery is given in Ah at a particular rate (usually 1 hour or 10 h or 20 h). If the capacity is given at 10 h rate it is written as C10.
- This means that a 100 Ah10 battery can be discharged at 10 A over a period of 10 hours, near the end of which the end–of-discharge voltage will be fast approaching.
- The term 5C A means 5 times the capacity in amperes.
- 5 C10 A means in this case 500 amperes. 0.5C A means half of the capacity in amperes, in the 100 Ah10 case, it means 100/2 or 100*0.5 = 50 A
The 10-h discharge/charge current 10 amperes is also written as I10 A. I10 A means 10 h rate current = 10 A. The 5 hour rate current is written as I5 A. 2 I5 A is 2 times the 5 hour rate current.
The rated capacity is written as Cr. The reserve capacity is written as CRC. ICC is cold cranking amperes, i.e., high rate discharge current at low temperature, also known as cold cranking amperes (CCA).
More on what is C rate in battery?
Discharge current in a lead acid battery is expressed as a C Rate in order to normalise battery capacity. Batteries are usually subjected to constant current discharge & the capacity is estimated as Ampere Hours at a particular rate & a standard temperature. The variation in capacity with discharge is given by the
- Peukert equation:
- Int = C where n & c are constants & I is the discharge current & t is the duration of discharge
A C1 rating means that the rated discharge current will discharge the entire battery capacity in One hour. For a battery with a capacity of 150 Ah, this translates to a discharge current of 150 amps for 1 hour. A C5 rate for this battery would be 150 Amps at a higher rate of discharge, and a C2 rate would be 150 Amps at an even higher rate of discharge current as shown in the example below.
The difference is only in the rate of discharge. A 150 AH battery at C₂₀, will last for 20 hours on a load of 7.5 A.
A 150 AH battery at C₁₀ will last for 10 hours on a load of 15 A. A 150 AH battery at C₅ will last for 5 hours at a load of 30 A.
C10 rated battery is capable of discharging at higher current, whereas a C₂₀ rating can discharge at a lower current. C₁₀ rated batteries are always recommended for solar and industrial purposes with the best charging and discharging rates. As the high load uses battery power, it is capable of delivering more energy in a short time, C₁₀
Ampere Hour or C₂₀ is an indicator of how much energy is stored in a battery. It is the energy a battery can deliver continuously for 20 hours at 25°C without falling below 10.5 volts. A Battery rated at C₁₀ by the manufacturer will give a capacity higher than 100 % when discharged at C₂₀ rate or lower rate. But it requires an adequate volume of acid to yield the higher AH capacity.
| Rate of Discharge | Discharge current for 100Ah Battery rated at C₁₀ __ Amperes | Discharge Duration in Hours | Capacity as % of C₁₀ yield | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C20 | 5.5 A | 20 hr | 110** | ** Adequate acid volume required for higher Ah |
| C10 | 10 A | 10 hr | 100 | Standard for UPS, inverter battery, IS 13369 |
| C9 | 10.87 A | 9 hr | 97.9 | |
| C8 | 11.7 A | 8 hr | 93.6 | |
| C7 | 13.1 A | 7 | 91.7 | |
| C6 | 14.65 A | 6 | 87.9 | |
| C5 | 16.66 A | 5 | 83.3 | |
| C4 | 19.55 A | 4 | 78.2 | |
| C3 | 23.9 A | 3 | 71.7 | |
| C2 | 31.65 A | 2 | 63.3 | |
| C1 | 50 A | 1 | 50 |
What is C rate in battery - Automotive battery?
Automotive batteries are traditionally rated in C20. This has no particular significance. The requirement for an auto battery is to start the engine and help the vehicle to reach a service station in 2 hrs. This is the old requirement. Presently the SLI battery has other functions like supporting the working of Air-Conditioner and other many other power-hungry gadgets when the vehicle stops at traffic signals or during slow driving in crowded roads. Therefore, the auto battery for a small car has to meet the following minimum – Power requirement of a small car at traffic junctions and slow runs in India
| Function | Current Amps | Duration | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Starting | 150-250 Amps | Seconds | CCA for cold climates |
| Air Conditioner | 8-10 Amps | 3-5 Minutes | Longer duration in slow traffic |
| Other gadgets Radio GPS etc | 5 Amps | 5-10 minutes |
The above drain on batteries exist during driving at all traffic signal stops and while driving in heavy traffic bumper to bumper.
Therefore, a modern battery is designed to withstand all road conditions. A recent introduction of a battery called ENHANCED FLOODED BATTERY (EFB) currently used in India, Europe, Japan etc are meant for STOP – START applications where the car automatically stops at traffic junctions and restarts as required. Such batteries need a special design & hence called EFB batteries
